Padua University, Department of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy; Imperial College London, School of Public Health, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014 Jan;217(1):17-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.03.001. Epub 2013 Mar 14.
Influenza virus spreads via small particle aerosols, droplets and fomites, and since it can survive for a short time on surfaces, can be introduced into the nasal mucosa before it loses infectivity. The hypothiocyanite ion (OSCN-), product of the lactoperoxidase/H2O2/SCN- system of central airways, is emerging as an important molecule for innate defense mechanism against bacteria, fungi and viruses. Here we demonstrated that OSCN(-) displays virucidal activity in vitro against the A/H1N1 2009 pandemic influenza virus. The concentration required to inhibit viral replication by 50% was 2 μM when virus were challenged directly with OSCN- before cell inoculation. These values were even lower when inoculated cells were maintained in contact with enzyme free-OSCN- in the culture medium. The last experimental conditions better reflect those of tracheobronchial mucosa, where HOSCN/OSCN- is retained in the air-liquid interface and inactivates both the viruses approaching the epithelium from outside and those released from the inoculated cells after the replication cycle. Importantly no OSCN- cytotoxicity was observed in the cellular system employed. The lack of toxicity in humans and the absence of damage on surfaces of fomites suggest a potential use of OSCN- to avoid mucosal and environmental transmission of influenza virus. Since hypothiocyanite is normally present in human airways a low risk of viral resistance is envisaged. In vivo confirmatory studies are needed to evaluate the appropriate dose, regimen and formulation.
流感病毒通过小颗粒气溶胶、飞沫和污染物传播，由于它可以在表面存活很短的时间，因此可以在失去感染力之前被引入鼻黏膜。次碘酸盐离子（OSCN-）是中心气道乳过氧化物酶/H2O2/SCN-系统的产物，作为一种针对细菌、真菌和病毒的先天防御机制的重要分子而出现。在这里，我们证明 OSCN-（-）在体外对 A/H1N1 2009 大流行性流感病毒具有抗病毒活性。当病毒在细胞接种前直接与 OSCN-接触时，抑制病毒复制 50%所需的浓度为 2 μM。当接种细胞在培养基中与无酶 OSCN-保持接触时，这些值甚至更低。最后一种实验条件更好地反映了气管支气管黏膜的情况，在这种情况下，HOSCN/OSCN-保留在气液界面，并使从外部接近上皮的病毒和从接种细胞复制周期释放的病毒失活。重要的是，在所使用的细胞系统中未观察到 OSCN-的细胞毒性。由于 OSCN-在人类中缺乏毒性，并且在污染物表面没有损伤，因此它可能被用于避免流感病毒的粘膜和环境传播。由于次碘酸盐通常存在于人体气道中，因此预计病毒的耐药性风险较低。需要进行体内确证研究以评估适当的剂量、方案和制剂。
