Ellen G, Egmond E, Van Loon J W, Sahertian E T, Tolsma K
National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Food Addit Contam. 1990 Mar-Apr;7(2):207-21. doi: 10.1080/02652039009373885.
Duplicate portions of 24-hour diets of 110 adults have been analyzed for aluminium, cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, zinc, nitrate, nitrite and volatile N-nitrosamines. The mean daily intake of copper (1.2 mg) is only about 50% of recommended values; mean daily intakes for manganese (3.3 mg) and zinc (8.4 mg) are adequate and marginal respectively with respect to recommended amounts. For the non-essential elements Al, Cd, Hg and Pb, mean daily intakes of 3.1 mg, 0.01 mg, 0.002 mg and 0.034 mg were found, respectively. For Cd this amounts to 17% of the acceptable daily amount, for Al, Hg and Pb 5%, 5% and 8%, respectively. Since 1976-1978 the dietary intake of lead has been reduced by a factor three; for the other six elements daily dietary intakes are almost the same as in 1976-1978. Average nitrate intake was 52 mg NO3-/day, about 25% of the ADI. Only 16 diets contained a measurable amount of nitrite. The highest daily intake (0.7 mg NO2-) is less than 10% of the ADI. Volatile N-nitrosamines were detectable in two duplicate diets (NDMA and NPIP). It is estimated that the daily dietary intake of volatile N-nitrosamines is around 0.1 microgram or less.
对110名成年人24小时饮食的重复样本进行了铝、镉、铜、铅、锰、汞、锌、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和挥发性N-亚硝胺的分析。铜的日均摄入量（1.2毫克）仅约为推荐值的50%；锰（3.3毫克）和锌（8.4毫克）的日均摄入量分别相对于推荐量充足和接近充足。对于非必需元素铝、镉、汞和铅，发现日均摄入量分别为3.1毫克、0.01毫克、0.002毫克和0.034毫克。镉的摄入量占每日可接受量的17%，铝、汞和铅分别为5%、5%和8%。自1976 - 1978年以来，铅的膳食摄入量减少了三分之一；其他六种元素的每日膳食摄入量与1976 - 1978年几乎相同。硝酸盐的平均摄入量为52毫克NO3-/天，约为每日允许摄入量的25%。只有16份饮食含有可测量的亚硝酸盐。最高日摄入量（0.7毫克NO2-）不到每日允许摄入量的10%。在两份重复饮食中检测到挥发性N-亚硝胺（NDMA和NPIP）。据估计，挥发性N-亚硝胺的每日膳食摄入量约为0.1微克或更少。
