School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2013 Sep;54(9):986-95. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12071. Epub 2013 Mar 29.
Children who have been exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) experience a wide variety of short-term social adjustment and emotional difficulties, including externalizing behavioral problems such as aggression. While children are affected by IPV at all ages, little is known about the long-term consequences of IPV exposure at younger ages. Because early experiences provide the foundation for later development, children exposed to IPV as an infant or toddler may experience worse negative outcomes over time than children never exposed.
Using the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW), latent growth curve modeling was conducted to examine whether early IPV exposure occurring between birth and age three (n = 107), compared with no exposure (n = 339), affects the development of aggressive behavior over 5 years. This modeling allowed for empirical exploration of developmental trajectories, and considered whether initial social development trajectories and change over time vary according to early IPV exposure.
Children who were exposed to more frequent early IPV did not have significantly different aggressive behavior problems initially than children who were never exposed. However, over time, the more frequently children were exposed between birth and 3 years, the more aggressive behavior problems were exhibited by age eight.
Results indicate a long-term negative behavioral effect on children who have been exposed to IPV at an early age. An initial assessment directly following exposure to IPV may not be able to identify behavior problems in young children. Because the negative effects of early IPV exposure are delayed until the child is of school age, early intervention is necessary for reducing the risk of later aggressive behavior.
遭受亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的儿童会经历各种短期的社会适应和情绪困难，包括外化行为问题，如攻击性。虽然儿童在各个年龄段都受到 IPV 的影响，但对于年幼时遭受 IPV 的长期后果知之甚少。因为早期经历为以后的发展提供了基础，所以婴儿或幼儿时期遭受 IPV 的儿童可能会随着时间的推移经历更糟糕的负面后果，而从未遭受过 IPV 的儿童则不会。
使用全国儿童和青少年福利调查（NSCAW），采用潜在增长曲线模型来检验在出生至三岁之间（n=107）发生的早期 IPV 暴露与从未暴露（n=339）相比，是否会影响 5 年内攻击行为的发展。这种建模允许对发展轨迹进行实证探索，并考虑了早期 IPV 暴露是否会根据初始社会发展轨迹和随时间的变化而变化。
与从未暴露的儿童相比，早期频繁遭受 IPV 暴露的儿童在最初并没有表现出明显不同的攻击行为问题。然而，随着时间的推移，儿童在出生至 3 岁之间遭受 IPV 的频率越高，到 8 岁时表现出的攻击行为问题就越多。
研究结果表明，在年幼时遭受 IPV 的儿童会产生长期的负面行为影响。在直接暴露于 IPV 后进行的初始评估可能无法识别幼儿的行为问题。由于早期 IPV 暴露的负面影响要到儿童上学年龄才会显现出来，因此早期干预对于降低日后攻击行为的风险是必要的。
