Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA, Neuroscience Training Program and Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA, The nonprofit MIND Research Network, an affiliate of Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA, Department of Psychology, and Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USADepartment of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA, Neuroscience Training Program and Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA, The nonprofit MIND Research Network, an affiliate of Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA, Department of Psychology, and Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA, Neuroscience Training Program and Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA, The nonprofit MIND Research Network, an affiliate of Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA, Department of Psychology, and Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2014 Jun;9(6):794-801. doi: 10.1093/scan/nst054. Epub 2013 Apr 2.
Psychopathy is a personality disorder associated with callous and impulsive behavior and criminal recidivism. It has long been theorized that psychopaths have deficits in processing reward and punishment. Here, we use structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural correlates of reward and loss sensitivity in a group of criminal psychopaths. Forty-one adult male prison inmates (n = 18 psychopaths and n = 23 non-psychopaths) completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging task involving the gain or loss of money. Across the entire sample of participants, monetary gains elicited robust activation within the ventral striatum (VS). Although psychopaths and non-psychopaths did not significantly differ with respect to overall levels of VS response to reward vs loss, we observed significantly different correlations between VS responses and psychopathy severity within each group. Volumetric analyses of striatal subregions revealed a similar pattern of correlations, specifically for the right accumbens area within VS. In a separate sample of inmates (n = 93 psychopaths and n = 117 non-psychopaths) who completed a self-report measure of appetitive motivation, we again found that the correlation with psychopathy severity differed between groups. These convergent results offer novel insight into the neural substrates of reward and loss processing in psychopathy.
精神病态是一种与冷酷和冲动行为以及犯罪累犯有关的人格障碍。长期以来，人们一直认为精神病态者在处理奖励和惩罚方面存在缺陷。在这里，我们使用结构和功能磁共振成像来检查一组犯罪精神病态者的奖励和损失敏感性的神经相关性。41 名成年男性监狱囚犯（n=18 名精神病态者和 n=23 名非精神病态者）完成了一项涉及金钱得失的功能磁共振成像任务。在整个参与者样本中，金钱收益在腹侧纹状体（VS）中引起了强烈的激活。尽管精神病态者和非精神病态者在 VS 对奖励和损失的反应水平上没有显著差异，但我们观察到每个组中 VS 反应与精神病态严重程度之间存在显著不同的相关性。纹状体亚区的容积分析显示出类似的相关性模式，特别是在 VS 中的右侧伏隔核区域。在另一组完成了食欲动机自评量表的囚犯（n=93 名精神病态者和 n=117 名非精神病态者）中，我们再次发现，与精神病态严重程度的相关性在组间存在差异。这些收敛的结果为精神病态者的奖励和损失处理的神经基质提供了新的见解。
