Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie, Laboratorio di Patologia Vegetale Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
J Basic Microbiol. 2014 Feb;54(2):120-32. doi: 10.1002/jobm.201200401. Epub 2013 Apr 2.
Textile dye effluents are among the most problematic pollutants because of their toxicity on several organisms and ecosystems. Low cost and ecocompatible bioremediation processes offer a promising alternative to the conventional and aspecific physico-chemical procedures adopted so far. Here, microorganisms resident on three real textile dyeing effluent were isolated, characterized, and tested for their decolorizing performances. Although able to survive on these real textile-dyeing wastewaters, they always showed a very low decolorizing activity. On the contrary, several plant-associated fungi (Bjerkandera adusta, Funalia trogii, Irpex lacteus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Trametes hirsuta, Trichoderma viride, and Aspergillus nidulans) were also assayed and demonstrated to be able both to survive and to decolorize to various extents the three effluents, used as such in liquid cultures. The decolorizing potential of these fungi was demonstrated to be influenced by nutrient availability and pH. Best performances were constantly obtained using B. adusta and A. nidulans, relying on two strongly different mechanisms for their decolorizing activities: degradation for B. adusta and biosorption for A. nidulans. Acute toxicity tests using Daphnia magna showed a substantial reduction in toxicity of the three textile dyeing effluents when treated with B. adusta and A. nidulans, as suggested by mass spectrometric analysis as well.
纺织染料废水因其对多种生物和生态系统的毒性而成为最具问题的污染物之一。低成本和生态兼容的生物修复过程为传统的和非特异性的物理化学方法提供了有前途的替代方案。在这里,从三种实际的纺织染色废水中分离、鉴定和测试了具有脱色性能的微生物。尽管这些微生物能够在这些实际的纺织染色废水中生存,但它们的脱色活性总是非常低。相反,几种植物相关真菌(粗毛栓菌、卷边桩菇、乳革菌、糙皮侧耳、粗毛栓菌、绿色木霉和构巢曲霉)也被检测到,并且能够在液体培养中不同程度地生存和脱色三种废水。这些真菌的脱色潜力被证明受营养物质可用性和 pH 值的影响。使用 B. adusta 和 A. nidulans 始终可以获得最佳性能,它们依靠两种截然不同的机制来实现其脱色活性:降解用于 B. adusta,生物吸附用于 A. nidulans。使用大型溞进行的急性毒性测试表明,当用 B. adusta 和 A. nidulans 处理三种纺织染色废水时,其毒性显著降低,这也得到了质谱分析的证实。