Inoue H, Aizawa H, Miyazaki N, Ikeda T, Shigematsu N
Research Institute for Disease of the Chest, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi. 1990 Feb;28(2):344-9.
Recently, it has been suggested that the peripheral vagal nerve might participate in the bronchoconstriction locally in addition to the concept of "vagal reflex". We investigated the contribution of the vagal nerve on the modulation of airway responses to histamine (8 micrograms/kg, iv) in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated guinea-pigs. Airway responses were assessed by measurement of pulmonary resistance (RL). To determine whether the vagal nerve mediates excitatory effects by "vagal reflex" in guinea-pigs, we investigated the effects of vagotomy or hexamethonium (2 mg/kg, iv). Increase in RL induced by histamine was significantly enhanced after the vagotomy or the treatment of hexamethonium. Histamine-induced bronchoconstriction was also enhanced by the vagotomy in the animals after the administration of propranolol (1 mg/kg, iv). To determine whether the peripheral vagal nerve may play any role in the vagotomized animals, we investigated the effect of atropine (1 mg/kg, iv). Atropine reduced histamine-induced bronchoconstriction significantly in the vagotomized guinea-pigs or in the animals treated with hexamethonium. We conclude that the vagal nerve mainly exerts on inhibitory role through the central nervous system, and that the peripheral vagal nerve distal to ganglion plays an excitatory effects by releasing acetylcholine from the terminals in histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs.
最近，有人提出，除了“迷走反射”这一概念外，外周迷走神经可能还在局部参与支气管收缩。我们研究了在麻醉并机械通气的豚鼠中，迷走神经对气道对组胺（8微克/千克，静脉注射）反应调节的作用。通过测量肺阻力（RL）来评估气道反应。为了确定迷走神经是否通过“迷走反射”介导豚鼠的兴奋作用，我们研究了迷走神经切断术或六甲铵（2毫克/千克，静脉注射）的作用。迷走神经切断术或六甲铵治疗后，组胺诱导的RL增加显著增强。在静脉注射普萘洛尔（1毫克/千克）的动物中，迷走神经切断术也增强了组胺诱导的支气管收缩。为了确定外周迷走神经在迷走神经切断的动物中是否可能起任何作用，我们研究了阿托品（1毫克/千克，静脉注射）的作用。阿托品在迷走神经切断的豚鼠或用六甲铵治疗的动物中显著降低了组胺诱导的支气管收缩。我们得出结论，迷走神经主要通过中枢神经系统发挥抑制作用，并且在豚鼠组胺诱导的支气管收缩中，神经节远端的外周迷走神经通过从终末释放乙酰胆碱发挥兴奋作用。
