Inoue H, Aizawa H, Miyazaki N, Ikeda T, Shigematsu N
Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Eur Respir J. 1991 Jul;4(7):860-6.
Although the importance of the vagal nerve in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma has been reported, its precise contribution is still not fully understood. To shed more light on this area, we evaluated the possible contribution of vagal reflex in histamine-induced bronchoconstriction (HIB), and decided the site of action of histamine on the vagal nerve. For this purpose, we studied the effects of the bilateral cervical vagotomy, hexamethonium (2 mg.kg-1) or tetrodotoxin (0.5 mg.kg-1) on HIB (8 micrograms.kg-1, iv) in anaesthetized and mechanically-ventilated guinea-pigs. We also studied whether or not atropine (1 mg.kg-1) decreases HIB after vagotomy, including either the treatment of hexamethonium or tetrodotoxin. Airway responses were assessed by measurement of pulmonary resistance. The following results were obtained; 1) the response to histamine was significantly enhanced by the vagotomy, hexamethonium or tetrodotoxin; 2) propranolol increased HIB, and HIB was further enhanced by the vagotomy in the animals treated with propranolol; 3) atropine significantly suppressed HIB after the vagotomy, hexamethonium or tetrodotoxin. These results suggest that the postganglionic vagal nerve plays an excitatory role in HIB through the release of acetylcholine from the nerve terminals. It is also suggested that the vagal reflex mainly exhibits an inhibitory role in the HIB of guinea-pigs, presumably by the action of the nonadrenergic inhibitory nervous system.
尽管已有报道迷走神经在支气管哮喘发病机制中的重要性，但其确切作用仍未完全明确。为了更深入了解这一领域，我们评估了迷走神经反射在组胺诱导的支气管收缩（HIB）中的可能作用，并确定了组胺在迷走神经上的作用部位。为此，我们研究了双侧颈迷走神经切断术、六甲铵（2mg.kg-1）或河豚毒素（0.5mg.kg-1）对麻醉并机械通气的豚鼠HIB（8μg.kg-1，静脉注射）的影响。我们还研究了迷走神经切断术后，包括六甲铵或河豚毒素治疗后，阿托品（1mg.kg-1）是否能降低HIB。通过测量肺阻力评估气道反应。得到以下结果：1）迷走神经切断术、六甲铵或河豚毒素可显著增强对组胺的反应；2）普萘洛尔可增加HIB，在用普萘洛尔治疗的动物中，迷走神经切断术可进一步增强HIB；3）迷走神经切断术、六甲铵或河豚毒素后，阿托品可显著抑制HIB。这些结果表明，迷走神经节后神经通过从神经末梢释放乙酰胆碱在HIB中起兴奋作用。还表明，迷走神经反射在豚鼠的HIB中主要表现为抑制作用，可能是通过非肾上腺素能抑制神经系统的作用。
