Sparrow Robert
J Med Ethics. 2014 Nov;40(11):725-31. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2012-101200. Epub 2013 Apr 4.
A series of recent scientific results suggest that, in the not-too-distant future, it will be possible to create viable human gametes from human stem cells. This paper discusses the potential of this technology to make possible what I call 'in vitro eugenics': the deliberate breeding of human beings in vitro by fusing sperm and egg derived from different stem-cell lines to create an embryo and then deriving new gametes from stem cells derived from that embryo. Repeated iterations of this process would allow scientists to proceed through multiple human generations in the laboratory. In vitro eugenics might be used to study the heredity of genetic disorders and to produce cell lines of a desired character for medical applications. More controversially, it might also function as a powerful technology of 'human enhancement' by allowing researchers to use all the techniques of selective breeding to produce individuals with a desired genotype.
最近的一系列科学成果表明，在不太遥远的将来，有可能从人类干细胞中创造出有活力的人类配子。本文探讨了这项技术的潜力，它使得我所称的“体外优生学”成为可能：通过融合源自不同干细胞系的精子和卵子来创造胚胎，然后从该胚胎衍生的干细胞中获取新的配子，从而在体外刻意培育人类。重复这个过程将使科学家能够在实验室中跨越多个人类世代。体外优生学可用于研究遗传疾病的遗传方式，并为医学应用生产具有所需特性的细胞系。更具争议的是，它还可能成为一种强大的“人类增强”技术，使研究人员能够利用所有选择性育种技术来培育具有所需基因型的个体。
