Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Research Group, Music Cognition and Action, Stephanstrasse 1a,Leipzig, Germany.
Neuroimage. 2013 Aug 15;77:52-61. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.03.051. Epub 2013 Apr 1.
In listening to multi-part music, auditory streams can be attended to either selectively or globally. More specifically, musicians rely on prioritized integrative attention which incorporates both stream segregation and integration to assess the relationship between concurrent parts. In this fMRI study, we used a piano duet to investigate which factors of a leader-follower relationship between parts grab the listener's attention and influence the perception of multi-part music. The factors considered included the structural relationship between melody and accompaniment as well as the temporal relationship (asynchronies) between parts. The structural relationship was manipulated by cueing subjects to the part of the duet that had to be prioritized. The temporal relationship was investigated by synthetically shifting the onset times of melody and accompaniment to either a consistent melody or accompaniment lead. The relative importance of these relationship factors for segregation and integration as attentional mechanisms was of interest. Participants were required to listen to the cued part and then globally assess if the prioritized stream was leading or following compared to the second stream. Results show that the melody is judged as more leading when it is globally temporally ahead whereas the accompaniment is not judged as leading when it is ahead. This bias may be a result of the interaction of salience of both leader-follower relationship factors. Interestingly, the corresponding interaction effect in the fMRI-data yields an inverse bias for melody in a fronto-parietal attention network. Corresponding parameter estimates within the dlPFC and right IPS show higher neural activity for attending to melody when listening to a performance without a temporal leader, pointing to an interaction of salience of both factors in listening to music. Both frontal and parietal activation implicate segregation and integration mechanisms and a top-down influence of salience on attention and the perception of leader-follower relations in music.
在聆听多声部音乐时，听觉流可以选择性地或全局性地被关注。更具体地说，音乐家依赖于优先整合注意力，这种注意力既包括流分离又包括流整合，以评估同时进行的部分之间的关系。在这项 fMRI 研究中，我们使用钢琴二重奏来研究部分之间的领导者-跟随者关系的哪些因素吸引听众的注意力并影响多声部音乐的感知。考虑的因素包括旋律和伴奏之间的结构关系以及部分之间的时间关系（异步）。结构关系通过提示受试者注意重奏中必须优先考虑的部分来操纵。时间关系通过将旋律和伴奏的起始时间合成地转移到一致的旋律或伴奏引导上来研究。这些关系因素作为注意力机制对分离和整合的相对重要性是感兴趣的。要求参与者聆听提示部分，然后全局评估优先流相对于第二流是领先还是跟随。结果表明，当全局时间上领先时，旋律被判断为更具主导性，而当伴奏领先时，伴奏不会被判断为具有主导性。这种偏差可能是两种领导者-跟随者关系因素的显著性相互作用的结果。有趣的是，fMRI 数据中的对应相互作用效应对于前额顶叶注意力网络中的旋律产生了相反的偏差。dlPFC 和右 IPS 内的对应参数估计显示，当听没有时间领导者的表演时，注意力集中在旋律上的神经活动更高，这表明在听音乐时，两种因素的显著性相互作用。额叶和顶叶的激活都涉及到分离和整合机制以及显著性对注意力和音乐中领导者-跟随者关系感知的自上而下影响。
