UMR CNRS-UFC 6249 ChronoEnvironnement, Université de Franche Comté BP 71427, 25 211 Montbéliard, France.
Environ Sci Technol. 2013 May 7;47(9):3967-81. doi: 10.1021/es304964b. Epub 2013 Apr 5.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous organic pollutants that raise environmental concerns because of their toxicity. Their accumulation in vascular plants conditions harmful consequences to human health because of their position in the food chain. Consequently, understanding how atmospheric PAHs are taken up in plant tissues is crucial for risk assessment. In this review we synthesize current knowledge about PAH atmospheric deposition, accumulation in both gymnosperms and angiosperms, mechanisms of transfer, and ecological and physiological effects. PAHs emitted in the atmosphere partition between gas and particulate phases and undergo atmospheric deposition on shoots and soil. Most PAH concentration data from vascular plant leaves suggest that contamination occurs by both direct (air-leaf) and indirect (air-soil-root) pathways. Experimental studies demonstrate that PAHs affect plant growth, interfering with plant carbon allocation and root symbioses. Photosynthesis remains the most studied physiological process affected by PAHs. Among scientific challenges, identifying specific physiological transfer mechanisms and improving the understanding of plant-symbiont interactions in relation to PAH pollution remain pivotal for both fundamental and applied environmental sciences.
多环芳烃（PAHs）是普遍存在的有机污染物，由于其毒性而引起环境关注。由于它们在食物链中的位置，它们在血管植物中的积累对人类健康造成有害后果。因此，了解大气 PAHs 如何被植物组织吸收对于风险评估至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们综合了目前关于 PAH 大气沉降、裸子植物和被子植物积累、转移机制以及生态和生理效应的知识。大气中排放的 PAHs 在气相和颗粒相之间分配，并在枝条和土壤上进行大气沉降。来自维管植物叶片的大多数 PAH 浓度数据表明，污染是通过直接（空气-叶片）和间接（空气-土壤-根）途径发生的。实验研究表明，PAHs 会影响植物生长，干扰植物的碳分配和根共生。光合作用仍然是受 PAHs 影响的最受研究的生理过程。在科学挑战中，确定特定的生理转移机制并提高对与 PAH 污染有关的植物-共生体相互作用的理解，对于基础和应用环境科学仍然至关重要。
