Hubai Katalin, Kováts Nora
Centre for Natural Sciences, Affiliation University of Pannonia, P.O. Box 158, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Oct 20;13(20):2938. doi: 10.3390/plants13202938.
Plants exposed to abiotic stressors show diverse physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses. Biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites-including essential oils-is a vital plant defense mechanism. As these bioactive compounds are widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries, it is essential to understand how their production is affected in various environments. While interaction between specific abiotic stressors such as salt stress has been widely studied, relatively less information is available on how essential oil production is affected by toxic contaminants. Present review intends to give an insight into the possible interaction between chemical stress and essential oil production, with special regard to soil and air pollution. Available studies clearly demonstrate that heavy metal induced stress does affect quantity and quality of EOs produced, however, pattern seems ambiguous as nature of effect depends on the plant taxon and on the EO. Considering mechanisms, genetic studies clearly prove that exposure to heavy metals influences the expression of genes being responsible for EO synthesis.
暴露于非生物胁迫因素下的植物会表现出多样的生理、生化和分子反应。植物次生代谢产物（包括精油）的生物合成是一种重要的植物防御机制。由于这些生物活性化合物广泛应用于制药、化妆品和食品工业，因此了解它们在各种环境中的产量如何受到影响至关重要。虽然诸如盐胁迫等特定非生物胁迫因素之间的相互作用已得到广泛研究，但关于有毒污染物如何影响精油产量的信息相对较少。本综述旨在深入探讨化学胁迫与精油产量之间可能的相互作用，特别关注土壤和空气污染。现有研究清楚地表明，重金属诱导的胁迫确实会影响所产生的精油的数量和质量，然而，由于影响的性质取决于植物分类群和精油，其模式似乎并不明确。从机制方面来看，遗传学研究清楚地证明，接触重金属会影响负责精油合成的基因的表达。
