Niu A K, Hong S K, Claybaugh J R, Goldinger J M, Kwon O, Li M, Randall E, Lundgren C E
Department of Physiology, State University of New York, Buffalo 14214.
Undersea Biomed Res. 1990 May;17(3):189-99.
Three male divers were studied for 2 days during each of the predive and postdive 1 ATA air control periods and for 7 days at 2.5 ATA (2.3 ATA N2 and 0.2 ATA O2). The chamber temperature was always maintained at a comfort level. Average urine flow remained at 1500 ml.day-1 during both predive and 2.5 ATA periods; urine osmolality also remained constant at around 700 mOSM/kg. On the other hand, daily excretion of Na increased significantly from 139 mEq during the predive period to 178 mEq at 2.5 ATA (P less than 0.05) but returned to the predive level during the postdive period. In contrast, daily K excretion decreased progressively with a significant decrease during the postdive period (P less than 0.05). Plasma osmolality, Na, and K remained unchanged, whereas a 6% reduction of total protein concentration at 2.5 ATA (P less than 0.05) was observed. A quantitatively similar decrease (8%) was observed for hematocrit during the 2.5 ATA period, which did not recover at postdive. These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in urinary excretion of antidiuretic hormone (P less than 0.05) and by decreases in both plasma renin and aldosterone (P less than 0.05) level and urinary excretion of aldosterone (P less than 0.05). Plasma atrial natriuretic factor remained unchanged throughout the entire dive period.
对三名男性潜水员在潜水前和潜水后1个绝对大气压（ATA）空气对照期各进行为期2天的研究，并在2.5个ATA（2.3个ATA氮气和0.2个ATA氧气）环境下进行为期7天的研究。舱内温度始终保持在舒适水平。在潜水前和2.5个ATA阶段，平均尿量均维持在1500毫升/天；尿渗透压也一直稳定在700毫渗摩尔/千克左右。另一方面，钠的日排泄量从潜水前阶段的139毫当量显著增加至2.5个ATA时的178毫当量（P<0.05），但在潜水后阶段又恢复到潜水前水平。相比之下，钾的日排泄量逐渐减少，在潜水后阶段有显著下降（P<0.05）。血浆渗透压、钠和钾保持不变，而在2.5个ATA时总蛋白浓度降低了6%（P<0.05）。在2.5个ATA阶段，血细胞比容也出现了类似的定量下降（8%），且在潜水后未恢复。这些变化伴随着抗利尿激素尿排泄量的显著增加（P<0.05），以及血浆肾素和醛固酮水平的降低（P<0.05）和醛固酮尿排泄量的降低（P<0.05）。在整个潜水期间，血浆心钠素保持不变。
