Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at Human-Animal Interface, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
Vet Microbiol. 2013 Jul 26;165(1-2):7-12. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.01.044. Epub 2013 Feb 8.
The real and perceived impact of influenza infections in animals has changed dramatically over the last 10 years, due mainly to the better understanding of the public health implications of avian and swine influenza viruses. On a number of occasions in the last decade avian-to-human transmissions of H5, H7 and H9 virus subtypes have occurred, and the first influenza pandemic of the new millennium occurred as a result of the emergence and spread of a virus from pigs. Although the mechanisms that allow influenza viruses to jump from one host species to another are not fully understood, several genetic signatures linked to the crossing of species barriers have been identified. This has led to a re-evaluation of the importance of understanding these viruses in the animal reservoir, to the extent that millions of euros have been invested in surveillance, research and capacity building worldwide. This has resulted in an enhanced collaboration with our medical counterparts, leading to many discoveries that will contribute to an understanding of the complex mechanisms that lead to the emergence of a pandemic virus.
在过去的 10 年中，由于人们对禽流感和猪流感病毒对公共卫生的影响有了更好的认识，动物流感感染的实际和感知影响发生了巨大变化。在过去的十年中，已经发生了几次 H5、H7 和 H9 病毒亚型从禽鸟传染给人类的情况，而新千年的第一次流感大流行是由于一种来自猪的病毒的出现和传播而发生的。尽管人们还不完全了解流感病毒从一种宿主物种跳到另一种宿主物种的机制，但已经确定了与跨越物种障碍有关的几个遗传特征。这导致人们重新评估了在动物宿主中了解这些病毒的重要性，以至于全球投入了数百万欧元用于监测、研究和能力建设。这导致与我们的医学同行进行了更密切的合作，从而发现了许多将有助于理解导致大流行病毒出现的复杂机制的发现。
