Schwesig R, Hartmann M, Leuchte S, Fischer D, Kuß O
Department Sportwissenschaft, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale.
Sportverletz Sportschaden. 2013 May;27(2):75-84. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1335158. Epub 2013 Apr 11.
Soccer assessments often lack specificity and complexity. Examinations of validity for soccer assessments, based on the relation between test and match performance, are available although they are scarce. A complex soccer-specific field test which is validated cannot be found in the literature at all.
The aim of this follow-up study was to assess the validity of a soccer-specific complexity test (FBKT) and a repeated non-specific sprint test (ST) based on three gold standards: match performance, coach ranking, and league affiliation.
A German fourth league soccer team (n = 14) was assessed using FBKT and ST in the pre-season for the second half of the 2010/2011 season. Afterwards, their performance in 17 matches was evaluated using video analysis in order to compare them with the test parameters (e. g., pass/assist ratio, goals, duelling behaviour). Eighteen months later, the league affiliation of all players was identified and the coach evaluated the tested players.
With regard to match performance, playing time was proved to be the most suitable parameter for validating the test performance (FBKT, ST). The total and minimum times of ST were the most powerful parameters in relation to playing time and explained 50 % and 46 % of the variance, respectively. Concerning the FBKT, the parameters "sum of all linear sprints" (24 %) and "total time of all activity series with penalty time in round two" (22 %) explained the highest amount of variance. Coach ranking generated significant odds ratios for the minimum time of ST (OR = 6.5; CI: 3.2 - 5.2 × 1015; p = 0.037), and total time of speed dribbling of the FBKT (OR = 1.3; CI: 1.2 - 199.5; p = 0.036) based on a proportional-odds model. With regard to league affiliation, significant odds ratios occurred with the following parameters: minimum time of ST (OR = 15.8; CI: 2.16 - 115.4; p = 0.007); total time of ST (OR = 3.28; CI: 1.31 - 8.21; p = 0.011); and, total time of speed dribbling for the FBKT (OR = 1.3; CI: 1.01 - 1.61; p = 0.044).
This study showed that the larger logical validity of soccer-specific complex tests does not necessarily translate to a larger construct validity, as compared to non-specific tests. However, their value is not limited to performance evaluation. The FBKT provides valuable information concerning training process control. It is possible that its low validity is caused by the poor performance of the players in soccer-specific consequences of actions (centres, goals) due to the restricted differentiation of players.
足球评估往往缺乏特异性和复杂性。基于测试与比赛表现之间的关系对足球评估进行有效性检验的研究虽然不多，但还是有的。目前在文献中根本找不到经过验证的复杂的特定于足球的场地测试。
这项随访研究的目的是基于比赛表现、教练排名和联赛归属这三个黄金标准，评估特定于足球的复杂性测试（FBKT）和重复的非特定冲刺测试（ST）的有效性。
在2010/2011赛季下半赛季的季前赛中，使用FBKT和ST对一支德国第四级别联赛足球队（n = 14）进行评估。之后，通过视频分析评估他们在17场比赛中的表现，以便与测试参数（例如传球/助攻率、进球数、对抗行为）进行比较。18个月后，确定了所有球员的联赛归属，教练对接受测试的球员进行了评估。
关于比赛表现，比赛上场时间被证明是验证测试表现（FBKT、ST）最合适的参数。ST的总时间和最短时间是与上场时间相关的最有力参数，分别解释了50%和46%的方差。关于FBKT，“所有直线冲刺的总和”（24%）和“第二轮含罚球时间的所有活动系列的总时间”（22%）这两个参数解释的方差量最高。基于比例优势模型，教练排名得出了ST最短时间（OR = 6.5；CI：3.2 - 5.2×1015；p = 0.037）和FBKT速度运球总时间（OR = 1.3；CI：1.2 - 199.5；p = 0.036）的显著优势比。关于联赛归属，以下参数出现了显著优势比：ST最短时间（OR = 15.8；CI：2.16 - 115.4；p = 0.007）；ST总时间（OR = 3.28；CI：1.31 - 8.21；p = 0.011）；以及FBKT速度运球总时间（OR = 1.3；CI：1.01 - 1.61；p = 0.044）。
本研究表明，与非特定测试相比，特定于足球的复杂测试在逻辑有效性上更高，但不一定意味着其在结构效度上更大。然而，它们的价值不仅限于性能评估。FBKT为训练过程控制提供了有价值的信息。其有效性较低可能是由于球员在特定于足球的行动后果（传中、进球）方面表现不佳，因为球员之间的差异有限。
