Systemic prostaglandin E1 to treat acute central retinal artery occlusion.

PURPOSE

To report the efficacy of systemic prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) monotherapy for treating acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).

METHODS

The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and side effects were evaluated retrospectively in 10 consecutive eyes (nine patients; mean age, 61.3 years) with acute CRAO treated with PGE1 monotherapy. The protocol included intravenous injection of 40 μg PGE1 twice daily (80 μg per day) for 5 days then oral PGE1 three times daily (30 μg per day) for at least 1 month. In four eyes, the retinal vessel diameters were assessed on serial fundus photographs.

RESULTS

The mean time to treatment was 7.1 hours (range, 1-18 hours). The mean ± SD logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) BCVAs at baseline and 1 month after initiation of therapy were 2.67 ± 0.54 (range, 3.00-1.70) and 0.52 ± 0.62 (range, 2.00 to -0.18), respectively (P = 0.005); the BCVA improved by 1.0 or more logMAR unit at 1 month in all eyes. The BCVA improvement was correlated negatively with the time to treatment (ρ = -0.655, P = 0.0492), but was not correlated with age (ρ = -0.473, P = 0.156) and did not differ between sexes (P = 0.0871). Compared with baseline, the mean changes in the vessel diameters in four cases were 151.1% (range, 115.1%-188.0%) in the arteries and 191.0% (range, 127.2%-246.4%) in the veins 1 day after initiation of therapy. Angialgia during injection was the only side effect.

CONCLUSIONS

Systemic administration of PGE1 for acute CRAO rapidly restores retinal blood flow by its vasodilatory effects, improves VA, is well tolerated with few side effects, and requires no special training.