Division of Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Semin Perinatol. 2013 Apr;37(2):108-14. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2013.01.007.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the most common chronic lung disease in infancy, has serious long-term pulmonary and neurodevelopmental consequences right up to adulthood, and is associated with significant healthcare costs. BPD is a multifactorial disease, with genetic and environmental factors interacting to culminate in the characteristic clinical and pathological phenotype. Among the environmental factors, invasive endotracheal tube ventilation is considered a critical contributing factor to the pathogenesis of BPD. Since BPD currently has no specific preventive or effective therapy, considerable interest has focused on the use of non-invasive ventilation as a means to potentially decrease the incidence of BPD. This article reviews the progress made in the last 5 years in the use of nasal continuous positive airways pressure (NCPAP) and nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) as it pertains to impacting on BPD rates. Research efforts are summarized, and some guidelines are suggested for clinical use of these techniques in neonates.
支气管肺发育不良（BPD）是婴儿期最常见的慢性肺部疾病，一直到成年期都会导致严重的长期肺部和神经发育后果，同时还会带来巨大的医疗保健费用。BPD 是一种多因素疾病，遗传和环境因素相互作用，最终导致其典型的临床和病理表型。在环境因素中，有创的气管内插管通气被认为是导致 BPD 发病机制的一个关键因素。由于目前 BPD 尚无特定的预防或有效治疗方法，因此人们对使用无创通气作为降低 BPD 发生率的潜在手段产生了浓厚的兴趣。本文综述了过去 5 年中，鼻持续气道正压通气（NCPAP）和经鼻间歇正压通气（NIPPV）在降低 BPD 发生率方面的应用进展。总结了研究成果，并就这些技术在新生儿中的临床应用提出了一些建议。
