School of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2013 Apr 15;12:65. doi: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-65.
Although hypercaloric interventions are associated with nutritional, endocrine, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders in obesity experiments, a rational distinction between the effects of excess adiposity and the individual roles of dietary macronutrients in relation to these disturbances has not previously been studied. This investigation analyzed the correlation between ingested macronutrients (including sucrose and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids) plus body adiposity and metabolic, hormonal, and cardiovascular effects in rats with diet-induced obesity.
Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats were submitted to Control (CD; 3.2 Kcal/g) and Hypercaloric (HD; 4.6 Kcal/g) diets for 20 weeks followed by nutritional evaluation involving body weight and adiposity measurement. Metabolic and hormonal parameters included glycemia, insulin, insulin resistance, and leptin. Cardiovascular analysis included systolic blood pressure profile, echocardiography, morphometric study of myocardial morphology, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) protein expression. Canonical correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between dietary macronutrients plus adiposity and metabolic, hormonal, and cardiovascular parameters.
Although final group body weights did not differ, HD presented higher adiposity than CD. Diet induced hyperglycemia while insulin and leptin levels remained unchanged. In a cardiovascular context, systolic blood pressure increased with time only in HD. Additionally, in vivo echocardiography revealed cardiac hypertrophy and improved systolic performance in HD compared to CD; and while cardiomyocyte size was unchanged by diet, nuclear volume and collagen interstitial fraction both increased in HD. Also HD exhibited higher relative β-MHC content and β/α-MHC ratio than their Control counterparts. Importantly, body adiposity was weakly associated with cardiovascular effects, as saturated fatty acid intake was directly associated with most cardiac remodeling measurements while unsaturated lipid consumption was inversely correlated with these effects.
Hypercaloric diet was associated with glycemic metabolism and systolic blood pressure disorders and cardiac remodeling. These effects directly and inversely correlated with saturated and unsaturated lipid consumption, respectively.
尽管高热量干预与肥胖实验中的营养、内分泌、代谢和心血管紊乱有关，但以前从未研究过过量脂肪堆积与饮食中宏量营养素个体作用之间的差异。本研究分析了饮食诱导肥胖大鼠中摄入的宏量营养素（包括蔗糖和饱和及不饱和脂肪酸）与体脂和代谢、激素及心血管影响之间的相关性。
正常血压的 Wistar-Kyoto 大鼠接受对照（CD；3.2 千卡/克）和高热量（HD；4.6 千卡/克）饮食 20 周，随后进行营养评估，包括体重和体脂测量。代谢和激素参数包括血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗和瘦素。心血管分析包括收缩压谱、超声心动图、心肌形态学形态计量学研究和肌球蛋白重链（MHC）蛋白表达。典型相关分析用于评估饮食中宏量营养素与体脂以及代谢、激素和心血管参数之间的关系。
尽管最终组体重没有差异，但 HD 的体脂高于 CD。饮食导致高血糖，而胰岛素和瘦素水平保持不变。在心血管方面，只有 HD 的收缩压随时间增加。此外，在体内超声心动图中，与 CD 相比，HD 显示出心脏肥大和收缩功能改善；虽然饮食对心肌细胞大小没有影响，但核体积和胶原间质分数均在 HD 中增加。此外，HD 表现出比对照更高的相对β-MHC 含量和β/α-MHC 比值。重要的是，体脂与心血管影响的相关性较弱，因为饱和脂肪酸的摄入与大多数心脏重构测量直接相关，而不饱和脂质的消耗与这些影响呈负相关。
高热量饮食与血糖代谢和收缩压紊乱以及心脏重构有关。这些影响分别与饱和和不饱和脂质的消耗直接和负相关。
