Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, K. Janickiego 32 Str., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland.
Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
Nutrients. 2021 Jan 23;13(2):330. doi: 10.3390/nu13020330.
Westernized diet is characterized by a high content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and a low level of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), often accompanied by an imbalance in the omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratio. Since increased intake of SFA and n-6 PUFA is considered as a cardiovascular disease risk factor, this study was conducted to determine whether a three-month dietary supplementation of high-fat diets (HFDs) with saturated fatty acids and a significant proportion of various n-6 and n-3 PUFA ratios would affect the architecture and protein expression patterns of the murine heart. Therefore, three HFD ( = 6) feeding groups: rich in SFA, dominated by PUFA with the n-6/n-3-14:1, and n-6/n-3-5:1, ratios were compared to animals fed standard mouse chow. For this purpose, we performed two-dimensional electrophoresis with MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry-based identification of differentially expressed cardiac proteins, and a histological examination of cardiac morphology. The results indicated that mice fed with all HFDs developed signs of hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. Animals fed SFA-rich HFD manifested the most severe cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis lesions, whereas less pronounced changes were observed in the group of animals that ingested the highest amount of omega-3 FA. In general, all HFDs, regardless of FA composition, evoked a comparable pattern of cardiac protein changes and affected the following biological processes: lipid metabolism and FA β-oxidation, glycolysis, TCA cycle, respiratory chain, myocardium contractility, oxidative stress and PUFA eicosanoid metabolism. However, it should be noted that three proteins, namely IDH3A, LDHB, and AK1, were affected differently by various FA contents. High expression of these myocardial proteins found in the group of animals fed a HFD with the highest n-3 PUFA content could be closely related to the observed development of hypertrophy.
西式饮食的特点是饱和脂肪酸（SFA）含量高，ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量低，通常伴随着 ω-6/ω-3 PUFA 比例失衡。由于增加 SFA 和 n-6 PUFA 的摄入量被认为是心血管疾病的危险因素，因此进行了这项研究，以确定富含饱和脂肪酸和各种 n-6 和 n-3 PUFA 比例的高脂肪饮食（HFD）三个月的饮食补充是否会影响小鼠心脏的结构和蛋白质表达模式。因此，我们将三种 HFD（=6）喂养组：富含 SFA，以 n-6/n-3-14:1 和 n-6/n-3-5:1 为主的 PUFA 为主，与喂食标准鼠粮的动物进行比较。为此，我们进行了二维电泳，并用 MALDI-ToF 质谱法鉴定差异表达的心脏蛋白，并对心脏形态进行了组织学检查。结果表明，所有喂食 HFD 的小鼠均出现肥大和心脏纤维化的迹象。喂食富含 SFA 的 HFD 的动物表现出最严重的心脏肥大和纤维化病变，而摄入最高量 ω-3 FA 的动物组观察到的变化则不那么明显。总的来说，无论 FA 组成如何，所有 HFD 都引起了类似的心脏蛋白变化模式，并影响了以下生物学过程：脂质代谢和 FA β-氧化、糖酵解、TCA 循环、呼吸链、心肌收缩力、氧化应激和 PUFA 类二十烷酸代谢。然而，应该注意的是，有三种蛋白质，即 IDH3A、LDHB 和 AK1，受不同 FA 含量的影响不同。在摄入最高 n-3 PUFA 含量的 HFD 的动物组中发现的这些心肌蛋白的高表达可能与观察到的肥大发展密切相关。
