Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Clin Mol Hepatol. 2013 Mar;19(1):1-16. doi: 10.3350/cmh.2013.19.1.1. Epub 2013 Mar 25.
The application of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) is considered essential when evaluating focal liver lesions (FLLs) using ultrasonography (US). Microbubble UCAs are easy to use and robust; their use poses no risk of nephrotoxicity and requires no ionizing radiation. The unique features of contrast enhanced US (CEUS) are not only noninvasiveness but also real-time assessing of liver perfusion throughout the vascular phases. The later feature has led to dramatic improvement in the diagnostic accuracy of US for detection and characterization of FLLs as well as the guidance to therapeutic procedures and evaluation of response to treatment. This article describes the current consensus and guidelines for the use of UCAs for the FLLs that are commonly encountered in US. After a brief description of the bases of different CEUS techniques, contrast-enhancement patterns of different types of benign and malignant FLLs and other clinical applications are described and discussed on the basis of our experience and the literature data.
超声造影剂（UCAs）在超声检查评估局灶性肝脏病变（FLL）中被认为是必不可少的。微泡 UCAs 易于使用且稳定；其使用不会造成肾毒性风险，也无需电离辐射。对比增强超声（CEUS）的独特之处不仅在于非侵入性，还在于实时评估肝灌注的整个血管相。这一特性极大地提高了超声对 FLL 的检测和特征诊断的准确性，以及对治疗程序的指导和对治疗反应的评估。本文描述了超声常用的 UCA 在 FLL 中的应用的共识和指南。在简要描述了不同 CEUS 技术的基础上，根据我们的经验和文献数据，描述和讨论了不同类型的良性和恶性 FLL 以及其他临床应用的增强模式。
