Natural Product Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
Molecules. 2013 Apr 17;18(4):4510-25. doi: 10.3390/molecules18044510.
A major problem in flower bulb cultivation is weed control. Synthetic herbicides are mainly used, although they cause a range of problems, and integrated weed control through application of naturally occurring allelochemicals would be highly desirable. Flower bulb production creates large amounts of leftover biomass. Utilizing this source for weed control may provide new applications of the bulb crops. We therefore screened 33 flower bulb extracts for allelochemical activity against weeds. Several methanol and chloroform extracts were observed to inhibit germination and growth of Senecio vulgaris L. and Lolium perenne L., as representatives of di- and mono-cotyledonous weeds, respectively. Narciclasine was identified as the bioactive compound in Narcissus. The extract of Amaryllis belladonna L. was equally active, but did not contain any narciclasine. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the A. belladonna extract resulted in the identification of lycorine as the bio-active compound. The IC₅₀ measured for radicle growth inhibition was 0.10 µM for narciclasine and 0.93 µM for lycorine, compared to 0.11 mM of chlorpropham, a synthetic herbicide. Therefore, the leftover biomass from the spring bulb industry represents an interesting potential source for promising allelochemicals for further studies on weed growth inhibition.
花卉鳞茎栽培中的一个主要问题是杂草控制。虽然合成除草剂是主要使用的方法，但它们会引起一系列问题，而通过应用天然化感物质进行综合杂草控制则是非常可取的。花卉鳞茎生产会产生大量剩余的生物质。利用这种资源进行杂草控制可能为鳞茎作物提供新的应用。因此，我们筛选了 33 种花卉鳞茎提取物，以研究其对杂草的化感活性。几种甲醇和氯仿提取物被观察到抑制了普通豚草和黑麦草的萌发和生长，分别作为双子叶和单子叶杂草的代表。水仙中的尼卡西林被鉴定为具有生物活性的化合物。阿马利利斯·贝拉多纳（Amaryllis belladonna）提取物同样具有活性，但不含任何尼卡西林。阿马利利斯·贝拉多纳提取物的生物测定导向分离导致了石蒜碱作为生物活性化合物的鉴定。与合成除草剂氯普酚相比，尼卡西林和石蒜碱对胚根生长抑制的 IC₅₀ 分别为 0.10 µM 和 0.93 µM。因此，春季鳞茎产业的剩余生物质代表了有前途的化感物质的有趣潜在来源，可进一步研究杂草生长抑制。
