Rial Carlos, Novaes Paula, Varela Rosa M, Molinillo José M G, Macias Francisco A
Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, INBIO Institute of Biomolecules, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), University of Cádiz , Avda. República Saharaui, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz Spain.
J Agric Food Chem. 2014 Jul 16;62(28):6699-706. doi: 10.1021/jf501976h. Epub 2014 Jul 8.
Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a native plant to the Iberian Peninsula and the European Atlantic coast and invasive in American environments. Different solvents were used to perform cardoon extracts that were tested in phytotoxic bioassays. The ethyl acetate extract had the highest inhibitory activity so this was tested on the germination and growth of standard target species (lettuce, watercress, tomato, and onion) and weeds (barnyardgrass and brachiaria). The ethyl acetate extract was very active on root growth in both standard target species and weeds and it was therefore fractionated by chromatography. The spectroscopic data showed that the major compounds were sesquiterpene lactones. Aguerin B, grosheimin, and cynaropicrin were very active on etiolated wheat coleoptile, standard target species, and weed growth. The presence of these compounds explains the bioactivity of the ethyl acetate extract. The strong phytotoxicity of these compounds on important weeds shows the potential of these compounds as natural herbicide models.
刺菜蓟（Cynara cardunculus L.）是伊比利亚半岛和欧洲大西洋沿岸的本土植物，在美国环境中具有入侵性。使用不同溶剂制备刺菜蓟提取物，并在植物毒性生物测定中进行测试。乙酸乙酯提取物具有最高的抑制活性，因此对标准目标物种（生菜、豆瓣菜、番茄和洋葱）和杂草（稗草和臂形草）的发芽和生长进行了测试。乙酸乙酯提取物对标准目标物种和杂草的根系生长都非常有效，因此通过色谱法进行了分离。光谱数据表明，主要化合物为倍半萜内酯。Aguerin B、grosheimin和cynaropicrin对黄化小麦胚芽鞘、标准目标物种和杂草生长具有很强的活性。这些化合物的存在解释了乙酸乙酯提取物的生物活性。这些化合物对重要杂草的强植物毒性表明了它们作为天然除草剂模型的潜力。
