Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
Theor Appl Genet. 2013 Jul;126(7):1809-23. doi: 10.1007/s00122-013-2094-9. Epub 2013 Apr 18.
One of the goals of plant breeding is to increase yield with improved quality characters. Plant introductions (PI) are a rich source of favorable alleles that could improve different characters in modern soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril] including yield. The objectives of this study were to identify yield QTL underlying the genetic basis for differential adaptation of soybeans to the Canadian, United States or Chinese mega-environments (ME) and to evaluate the relationship and colocalization between yield and agronomic traits QTL. Two crosses between high-yielding Canadian cultivars and elite Chinese cultivars, OAC Millennium × Heinong 38 and Pioneer 9071 × #8902, were used to develop two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. Both populations were evaluated at different locations in Ontario, Canada; Minnesota, United States (US), Heilongjiang and Jilin, China, in 2009 and 2010. Significant variation for yield was observed among the RILs of both populations across the three hypothetical ME. Two yield QTL (linked to the interval Satt364-Satt591 and Satt277) and one yield QTL (linked to marker Sat_341) were identified by single-factor ANOVA and interval mapping across all ME in populations 1 and 2, respectively. The most frequent top ten high-yielding lines across all ME carried most of the high-yielding alleles of the QTL that were identified in two and three ME. Both parents contributed favorable alleles, which suggests that not only the adapted parent but also the PI parents are potential sources of beneficial alleles in reciprocal environments. Other QTL were detected also at two and one ME. Most of the yield QTL were co-localized with a QTL associated with an agronomic trait in one, two, or three ME in just one or in both populations. Results suggested that most of the variation observed in seed yield can be explained by the variation of different agronomic traits such a maturity, lodging and height. Novel alleles coming from PI can favorably contribute, directly or indirectly, to seed yield and the utilization of QTL detected across one, two or three ME would facilitate the new allele introgression into breeding populations in both North America and China.
植物育种的目标之一是提高产量并改善品质特性。植物引种（PI）是有利等位基因的丰富来源，这些等位基因可以改善现代大豆[Glycine max（L.）Merril]的不同特性，包括产量。本研究的目的是鉴定导致大豆对加拿大、美国或中国大环境（ME）的不同适应性的产量 QTL 的遗传基础，并评估产量和农艺性状 QTL 之间的关系和共定位。利用两个高产品种加拿大品种和中国优良品种 OAC 千年与 Heinong 38 和 Pioneer 9071 与#8902 之间的杂交，开发了两个重组自交系（RIL）群体。这两个群体于 2009 年和 2010 年在加拿大安大略省的不同地点、美国明尼苏达州（美国）和中国黑龙江省和吉林省进行了评估。在三个假设的 ME 中，两个群体的 RIL 均观察到产量的显著差异。通过单因素方差分析和区间作图，在两个群体的所有 ME 中分别鉴定到两个产量 QTL（与区间 Satt364-Satt591 和 Satt277 连锁）和一个产量 QTL（与标记 Sat_341 连锁）。在所有 ME 中，排名前十的高产线大多数都携带了在两个和三个 ME 中鉴定到的高产 QTL 的高产等位基因。两个亲本都贡献了有利的等位基因，这表明不仅适应的亲本，而且 PI 亲本也是在相互适应的环境中有益等位基因的潜在来源。在两个和一个 ME 中也检测到了其他 QTL。在一个或两个群体中，在一个、两个或三个 ME 中，大多数产量 QTL 与与一个 ME 中的一个农艺性状相关的 QTL 共定位。结果表明，观察到的种子产量变化可以用不同农艺性状的变化来解释，如成熟度、倒伏和高度。来自 PI 的新等位基因可以直接或间接有利地促进种子产量的提高，利用在一个、两个或三个 ME 中检测到的 QTL 将有助于将新的等位基因导入北美和中国的育种群体中。
