Department of Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
Pharmacopsychiatry. 2013 May;46 Suppl 1:S30-5. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1337921. Epub 2013 Apr 18.
In patients with depression, characteristic changes of sleep electroencephalogram and nocturnal hormone secretion occur including rapid eye movement (REM) sleep disinhibition, reduced non-REM sleep and impaired sleep continuity. Neuropeptides are common regulators of the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) and nocturnal hormone secretion and changes in their activity appear to contribute to the aberrances of sleep in affective disorders. A reciprocal interaction of the sleep-promoting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), which promotes wakefulness and REM sleep, plays a key role in sleep regulation, at least in male subjects. Also galanin and ghrelin promote sleep in men. Neuropeptide Y is involved in the timing of sleep onset. The effects of peptides of sleep are influenced by the time of administration, age, gender and depression. In healthy subjects and in remitted depressed patients motoric memory learning is consolidated during sleep. This effect is absent in depressed patients who are at least 30 years old, and is probably related to elevated glucocorticoid levels.
在抑郁症患者中，睡眠脑电图和夜间激素分泌会出现特征性变化，包括快速眼动 (REM) 睡眠抑制、非快速眼动睡眠减少和睡眠连续性受损。神经肽是睡眠脑电图 (EEG) 和夜间激素分泌的常见调节剂，其活性的变化似乎导致情感障碍中的睡眠异常。促进睡眠的生长激素释放激素 (GHRH) 和促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素 (CRH) 的相互作用，促进觉醒和 REM 睡眠，在睡眠调节中发挥关键作用，至少在男性中是这样。甘丙肽和胃饥饿素也能促进男性的睡眠。神经肽 Y 参与睡眠开始的时间。肽对睡眠的影响受给药时间、年龄、性别和抑郁的影响。在健康受试者和缓解期抑郁症患者中，运动记忆学习在睡眠中得到巩固。这一效应在至少 30 岁的抑郁症患者中不存在，可能与皮质醇水平升高有关。
