National Institute of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
Scand J Public Health. 2013 Aug;41(6):560-9. doi: 10.1177/1403494813483937. Epub 2013 Apr 18.
To describe the development of a deprivation index for Danish parishes and to investigate its association with all-cause mortality compared with the Townsend index and individual-level factors.
Nine socioeconomic factors were aggregated to the parish level from individual-level register data comprising the entire Danish population in 2005. A principal component analysis was conducted to reduce the number of factors and to apply weights. An ecological analysis investigated the association between the Danish Deprivation Index (DANDEX) and standardised mortality ratios in Danish parishes. Results were compared with the Townsend index and a possible modifying effect of population density was investigated. Sensitivity of the index was investigated with multilevel survival analyses evaluating the association between all-cause mortality and DANDEX, the Townsend Index, individual-level socioeconomic factors, and population density.
DANDEX consists of two components measuring socioeconomic properties of all 2119 Danish parishes. The first component measures deprivation related to housing (house and car ownership) while the second component is related to classical measures of socioeconomic status (education, income, occupation). A clear gradient in standardised mortality ratios was seen across quintiles of both index components. Modifying effects were seen when stratifying the index components by population density. In a frailty model, DANDEX accounted for 76% of the between-parish variation in all-cause mortality, while the Townsend index and individual socioeconomic factors accounted for 71 and 76%, respectively.
The index can be used to identify Danish parishes by their levels of deprivation and it provides municipalities with a tool to allocate resources to the geographic areas where they are most needed.
描述丹麦教区贫困指数的制定过程，并与汤森贫困指数和个体因素进行比较，研究其与全因死亡率的关系。
从 2005 年包含丹麦全部人口的个体登记数据中，将 9 个社会经济因素汇总到教区层面。采用主成分分析法减少因素数量并赋予权重。生态分析研究了丹麦贫困指数（DANDEX）与丹麦教区标准化死亡率之间的关系。结果与汤森贫困指数进行了比较，并探讨了人口密度的可能修饰作用。采用多水平生存分析评估全因死亡率与 DANDEX、汤森贫困指数、个体社会经济因素和人口密度之间的关系，检验了该指数的敏感性。
DANDEX 由两个部分组成，用于衡量丹麦 2119 个教区的社会经济属性。第一部分衡量与住房（房屋和汽车拥有情况）相关的贫困程度，第二部分与经典的社会经济地位衡量指标（教育、收入、职业）相关。两个指数部分的五分位之间都呈现出明显的标准化死亡率梯度。当按人口密度对指数部分进行分层时，观察到了修饰作用。在脆弱性模型中，DANDEX 解释了全因死亡率的 76%的教区间变异，而汤森贫困指数和个体社会经济因素分别解释了 71%和 76%。
该指数可用于根据贫困程度来识别丹麦的教区，为市政府提供了一种工具，以便将资源分配到最需要的地理区域。
