Department of Teacher Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):310-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1230725.
The Next Generation Science Standards will require large-scale professional development (PD) for all science teachers. Existing research on effective teacher PD suggests factors that are associated with substantial changes in teacher knowledge and practice, as well as students' science achievement. But the complexity of the U.S. educational system continues to thwart the search for a straightforward answer to the question of how to support teachers. Interventions that take a systemic approach to reform hold promise for improving PD effectiveness.
下一代科学标准将要求所有科学教师进行大规模的专业发展（PD）。现有的关于有效教师 PD 的研究表明，有一些因素与教师知识和实践的重大变化以及学生的科学成绩有关。但美国教育系统的复杂性仍然阻碍了人们对如何支持教师这一问题的直接回答。采取系统方法进行改革的干预措施有望提高 PD 的效果。
