Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Plant Cell Environ. 2013 Sep;36(9):1658-72. doi: 10.1111/pce.12119. Epub 2013 May 22.
Crop growth models dynamically simulate processes of C, N and water balance on daily or hourly time-steps to predict crop growth and development and at season-end, final yield. Their ability to integrate effects of genetics, environment and crop management have led to applications ranging from understanding gene function to predicting potential impacts of climate change. The history of crop models is reviewed briefly, and their level of mechanistic detail for assimilation and respiration, ranging from hourly leaf-to-canopy assimilation to daily radiation-use efficiency is discussed. Crop models have improved steadily over the past 30-40 years, but much work remains. Improvements are needed for the prediction of transpiration response to elevated CO₂ and high temperature effects on phenology and reproductive fertility, and simulation of root growth and nutrient uptake under stressful edaphic conditions. Mechanistic improvements are needed to better connect crop growth to genetics and to soil fertility, soil waterlogging and pest damage. Because crop models integrate multiple processes and consider impacts of environment and management, they have excellent potential for linking research from genomics and allied disciplines to crop responses at the field scale, thus providing a valuable tool for deciphering genotype by environment by management effects.
作物生长模型以日或小时为时间步长动态模拟 C、N 和水分平衡过程，以预测作物生长和发育，并在季节末预测最终产量。它们将遗传、环境和作物管理的影响综合起来的能力，已经应用于从了解基因功能到预测气候变化的潜在影响等多个领域。简要回顾了作物模型的历史，并讨论了它们同化和呼吸作用的机制细节水平，从每小时叶片到冠层同化到每天的辐射利用效率不等。在过去的 30-40 年中，作物模型一直在稳步改进，但仍有许多工作要做。需要改进的是蒸腾作用对高 CO₂的响应预测，以及高温对物候和生殖生育力的影响，以及在土壤贫瘠条件下模拟根系生长和养分吸收。需要进行机制改进，以便更好地将作物生长与遗传学以及土壤肥力、土壤积水和害虫损害联系起来。由于作物模型综合了多个过程，并考虑了环境和管理的影响，因此它们具有将基因组学和相关学科的研究与田间尺度的作物响应联系起来的巨大潜力，从而为解析基因型、环境和管理效应提供了有价值的工具。
