Sultana Fahmida, Dev Washu, Zhi Xiaowu, Sakibul Hasan, Han Yingchun, Feng Lu, Yang Beifang, Lei Yaping, Jiao Yahui, Ma Yunzhen, Li Yabing
State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jun 2;15(1):19297. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-02682-9.
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is a crucial cash crop in China, with yield performance influenced by genotype, environmental conditions, and management practices. The aim of this study was to assess the yield performance, biomass accumulation, and growth of nine cotton genotypes in Henan Province during three growing seasons (2017-2019) with different climates. Field experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at the Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, China. Plant height, true leaf number, and boll number per plant were among the morphological characteristics that showed the most variance across years and genotypes. Reproductive biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and biomass accumulation followed distinct seasonal trends, with LAI rising during boll formation and flowering. Yield parameters such as seed cotton yield, lint percentage, and boll weight vary by genotype and year, with the highest yields recorded in 2019. According to correlation study, temperature and precipitation had a negative impact on seed cotton production and final biomass, whereas climatic parameters had a favorable correlation with the harvest index. The genotypes were divided into distinct categories according to growth and yield characteristics using heatmap clustering. These findings provide insight into the best cotton genotypes for increased productivity and resilience in a variety of climates, allowing breeders and farmers to make more informed cultivar selections.
棉花（陆地棉）是中国一种重要的经济作物，其产量表现受基因型、环境条件和管理措施的影响。本研究的目的是评估9个棉花基因型在河南省3个生长季（2017 - 2019年）不同气候条件下的产量表现、生物量积累和生长情况。在中国农业科学院棉花研究所（位于中国安阳）采用随机完全区组设计（RCBD）进行了田间试验。株高、真叶数和单株铃数是不同年份和基因型间差异最大的形态特征。生殖生物量、叶面积指数（LAI）和生物量积累呈现出明显的季节趋势，在结铃和开花期LAI上升。籽棉产量、皮棉产量和铃重等产量参数因基因型和年份而异，2019年记录的产量最高。根据相关性研究，温度和降水对籽棉产量和最终生物量有负面影响，而气候参数与收获指数呈正相关。利用热图聚类根据生长和产量特征将基因型分为不同类别。这些发现为提高不同气候条件下的生产力和抗逆性提供了最佳棉花基因型的相关见解，使育种者和农民能够做出更明智的品种选择。
