Starling Melissa J, Branson Nicholas, Thomson Peter C, McGreevy Paul D
Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Behav Processes. 2013 Jul;97:53-62. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2013.04.008. Epub 2013 Apr 16.
"Boldness" in dogs is believed to be one end of the shy-bold axis, representing a super-trait. Several personality traits fall under the influence of this super-trait. Previous studies on boldness in dogs have found differences among breeds, but grouping breeds on the basis of behavioural similarities has been elusive. This study investigated differences in the expression of boldness among dog breeds, kennel club breed groups, and sub-groups of kennel club breed groups by way of a survey on dog personality circulated among Australian dog-training clubs and internet forums and lists. Breed had a significant effect on boldness (F=1.63, numDF=111, denDF=272, p<0.001), as did breed group (F=10.66, numDF=8, denDF=772, p<0.001). Herding and gundog groups were broken into sub-groups based on historic breed purpose. Retrievers were significantly bolder than flushing and pointing breeds (Reg. Coef.=2.148; S.E.=0.593; p<0.001), and tending and loose-eyed herding breeds were bolder than heading and cattle-herding breeds (Reg. Coef.=1.744; S.E.=0.866; p=0.045 and Reg. Coef.=1.842; S.E.=0.693; p=0.0084, respectively). This study supports the existence of the shy-bold continuum in dogs. Differences in boldness among groups and sub-groups suggest that behavioural tendencies may be influenced by historical purpose regardless of whether that purpose still factors in selective breeding.
犬类的“大胆”被认为是害羞-大胆轴的一端,代表一种超级特质。几种性格特征受此超级特质的影响。先前关于犬类大胆程度的研究发现不同品种之间存在差异,但基于行为相似性对品种进行分组一直难以实现。本研究通过在澳大利亚犬类训练俱乐部、互联网论坛和列表中开展的一项关于犬类性格的调查,研究了不同犬种、犬业俱乐部品种组以及犬业俱乐部品种组亚组之间大胆程度表达的差异。品种对大胆程度有显著影响(F = 1.63,分子自由度 = 111,分母自由度 = 272,p < 0.001),品种组也是如此(F = 10.66,分子自由度 = 8,分母自由度 = 772,p < 0.001)。畜牧犬组和枪猎犬组根据历史品种用途进一步细分为亚组。寻回犬比激飞猎犬和指示犬明显更大胆(回归系数 = 2.148;标准误 = 0.593;p < 0.001),驱赶型和散放型畜牧犬品种比头羊型和放牛型畜牧犬品种更大胆(回归系数分别为 = 1.744;标准误 = 0.866;p = 0.045 和回归系数 = 1.842;标准误 = 0.693;p = 0.0084)。本研究支持犬类中害羞-大胆连续体的存在。组间和亚组间大胆程度的差异表明,行为倾向可能受历史用途的影响,无论该用途是否仍在选择性育种中起作用。