Inserm, U563, centre de physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, 31300 Toulouse, France.
Med Mal Infect. 2013 Jul;43(7):263-70. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2013.03.005. Epub 2013 Apr 20.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for major outbreaks of acute hepatitis in developing countries where it was first described as a waterborne disease, transmitted by drinking water contaminated with feces. Attention was focused on HEV in developed countries and its associated diseases in recent years as a result of increasing reports of autochthonous infections. Hepatitis E is the zoonotic cause of these acute infections, and mainly in men over 50 years of age. The clinical manifestations and laboratory abnormalities of hepatitis E infections in immunocompetent patients cannot be distinguished from those caused by other hepatitis viruses. HEV is a major public health concern in immunocompromised patients because their infections can become chronic. The specific etiology of cases of hepatitis E infection can be diagnosed by serological testing and detecting viral RNA. Ribavirin is currently the reference treatment for HEV infections in immunocompromised patients. Several vaccines have proved safe and effective in clinical trials, but none have been approved for use in Europe yet.
戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）是发展中国家急性肝炎的主要病原体，它最初被描述为一种经饮用水传播的疾病，通过饮用受粪便污染的水传播。近年来，由于越来越多的报道称存在本地感染病例，发达国家开始关注戊型肝炎及其相关疾病。戊型肝炎是这些急性感染的人畜共患病原体，主要发生在 50 岁以上的男性中。免疫功能正常的患者的戊型肝炎感染的临床表现和实验室异常与其他肝炎病毒引起的感染无法区分。戊型肝炎病毒是免疫功能低下患者的一个主要公共卫生关注点，因为他们的感染可能会转为慢性。通过血清学检测和病毒 RNA 检测可以明确诊断戊型肝炎感染的具体病因。利巴韦林目前是免疫功能低下患者戊型肝炎感染的参考治疗方法。一些疫苗已在临床试验中被证明是安全有效的，但尚未在欧洲获得批准使用。
