Abdel-Monaim Montaser Fawzy
Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt.
Mycobiology. 2013 Mar;41(1):47-55. doi: 10.5941/MYCO.2013.41.1.47. Epub 2013 Mar 28.
Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, and Macrophomina phaseolina were found to be associated with root rott and wilt symptoms of faba bean plants collected from different fieldes in New Valley governorate, Egypt. All the obtained isolates were able to attack faba bean plants (cv. Giza 40) causing damping-off and root rot/wilt diseases. R. solani isolates 2 and 5, F. solani isolate 8, F. oxysporum isolate 12 and M. phaseolina isolate 14 were the more virulent ones in the pathogenicity tests. Biocontrol agents (Trichoderma viride and Bacillus megaterium) and chemical inducers (salicylic acid [SA] and hydrogen peroxide) individually or in combination were examined for biological control of damping-off and root rot/wilt and growth promoting of faba bean plants in vitro and in vivo. Both antagonistic biocontrol agents and chemical inducers either individually or in combination inhibited growth of the tested pathogenic fungi. Biocontrol agents combined with chemical inducers recorded the highest inhibited growth especially in case SA + T. viride and SA + B. megaterium. Under green house and field conditions, all treatments significantly reduced damping-off and root rot/wilt severity and increased of survival plants. Also, these treatments increased fresh and weights of the survival plants in pots compared with control. The combination between biocontrol agents and chemical inducers were more effective than used of them individually and SA + T. viride was the best treatment in this respect. Also, under field conditions, all these treatments significantly increased growth parameters (plant height and number of branches per plant) and yield components (number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant, weight of 100 seeds and total yield per feddan) and protein content in both seasons (20102011 and 20112012). Faba bean seeds soaked in SA + T. viride and SA + B. megaterium were recorded the highest growth parameters and yield components. Generally, the combination between biocontrol agents and chemical inducers recorded the best results for controlling damping-off and root rot/wilt diseases in greenhouse and field with addition improved plant growth and increased yield components in field.
在埃及新河谷省不同田地采集的蚕豆植株上，发现立枯丝核菌、茄腐镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌和菜豆壳球孢菌与根腐病和枯萎病症状有关。所有分离得到的菌株都能够侵染蚕豆植株（吉萨40品种），引发猝倒病以及根腐病/枯萎病。在致病性试验中，立枯丝核菌菌株2和5、茄腐镰刀菌菌株8、尖孢镰刀菌菌株12和菜豆壳球孢菌菌株14的致病性更强。分别对生物防治剂（绿色木霉和巨大芽孢杆菌）和化学诱导剂（水杨酸[SA]和过氧化氢）单独或组合使用进行了研究，以探究其对蚕豆植株猝倒病以及根腐病/枯萎病的生物防治效果及对蚕豆植株生长的促进作用，研究在体外和体内环境中开展。拮抗生物防治剂和化学诱导剂单独或组合使用均抑制了受试病原真菌的生长。生物防治剂与化学诱导剂组合使用时对真菌生长的抑制效果最为显著，尤其是SA +绿色木霉和SA +巨大芽孢杆菌的组合。在温室和田间条件下，所有处理均显著降低了猝倒病以及根腐病/枯萎病的严重程度，并提高了存活植株的数量。此外，与对照相比，这些处理增加了盆栽中存活植株的鲜重和干重。生物防治剂与化学诱导剂的组合比单独使用更有效，在这方面SA +绿色木霉是最佳处理。此外，在田间条件下，所有这些处理在两个季节（20102011年和20112012年）均显著提高了生长参数（株高和单株分枝数）和产量构成因素（单株荚数、单株种子数、百粒重和每费丹总产量）以及蛋白质含量。浸泡在SA +绿色木霉和SA +巨大芽孢杆菌中的蚕豆种子的生长参数和产量构成因素最高。总体而言，生物防治剂与化学诱导剂的组合在温室和田间对猝倒病以及根腐病/枯萎病的防治效果最佳，此外还改善了田间植株生长并增加了产量构成因素。
