Huisamen B, George C, Dietrich D, Genade S
MRC DDP, Parow, South Africa.
Cardiovasc J Afr. 2013 Mar;24(2):10-6. doi: 10.5830/CVJA-2012-069.
Obesity and type 2 diabetes present with two debilitating complications, namely, hypertension and heart disease. The dried and ground pods of Prosopis glandulosa (commonly known as the Honey mesquite tree) which is part of the Fabaceae (or legume) family are currently marketed in South Africa as a food supplement with blood glucose-stabilising and anti-hypertensive properties. We previously determined its hypoglycaemic effects, and in the current study we determined the efficacy of P glandulosa as anti-hypertensive agent and its myocardial protective ability.
Male Wistar rats were rendered either pre-diabetic (diet-induced obesity: DIO) or hypertensive (high-fat diet: HFD). DIO animals were treated with P glandulosa (100 mg/kg/day for the last eight weeks of a 16-week period) and compared to age-matched controls. Hearts were perfused ex vivo to determine infarct size. Biometric parameters were determined at the time of sacrifice. Cardiac-specific insulin receptor knock-out (CIRKO) mice were similarly treated with P glandulosa and infarct size was determined. HFD animals were treated with P glandulosa from the onset of the diet or from weeks 12-16, using captopril (50 mg/kg/day) as the positive control. Blood pressure was monitored weekly.
DIO rats and CIRKO mice: P glandulosa ingestion significantly reduced infarct size after ischaemia-reperfusion. Proteins of the PI-3-kinase/PKB/Akt survival pathway were affected in a manner supporting cardioprotection. HFD model: P glandulosa treatment both prevented and corrected the development of hypertension, which was also reflected in alleviation of water retention.
P glandulosa was cardioprotective and infarct sparing as well as anti-hypertensive without affecting the body weight or the intra-peritoneal fat depots of the animals. Changes in the PI-3-kinase/PKB/Akt pathway may be causal to protection. Results indicated water retention, possibly coupled to vasoconstriction in the HFD animals, while ingestion of P glandulosa alleviated both. We concluded that treatment of pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes or hypertension with P glandulosa poses possible beneficial health effects.
肥胖症和2型糖尿病伴有两种使人虚弱的并发症，即高血压和心脏病。腺牧豆树（俗称蜜豆树）的干燥磨碎豆荚属于豆科植物，目前在南非作为一种具有血糖稳定和抗高血压特性的食品补充剂销售。我们之前已确定了其降血糖作用，在本研究中，我们确定了腺牧豆树作为抗高血压药物的疗效及其心肌保护能力。
将雄性Wistar大鼠诱导为糖尿病前期（饮食诱导肥胖：DIO）或高血压（高脂饮食：HFD）。DIO动物用腺牧豆树进行治疗（在16周周期的最后八周每天100毫克/千克），并与年龄匹配的对照组进行比较。离体灌注心脏以确定梗死面积。在处死时测定生物统计学参数。用腺牧豆树对心脏特异性胰岛素受体敲除（CIRKO）小鼠进行类似治疗，并测定梗死面积。HFD动物从饮食开始时或第12至16周用腺牧豆树进行治疗，使用卡托普利（每天50毫克/千克）作为阳性对照。每周监测血压。
DIO大鼠和CIRKO小鼠：摄入腺牧豆树可显著减小缺血再灌注后的梗死面积。PI-3激酶/PKB/Akt存活通路的蛋白质受到影响，其方式支持心脏保护作用。HFD模型：腺牧豆树治疗可预防和纠正高血压的发展，这也体现在水潴留的减轻上。
腺牧豆树具有心脏保护作用，可减少梗死面积，还具有抗高血压作用，且不影响动物体重或腹腔脂肪库。PI-3激酶/PKB/Akt通路的变化可能是保护作用的原因。结果表明，HFD动物存在水潴留，可能与血管收缩有关，而摄入腺牧豆树可减轻两者。我们得出结论，用腺牧豆树治疗糖尿病前期、2型糖尿病或高血压可能对健康有益。
