Water Quality and Investigations, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Science, Science Delivery, The State of Queensland, Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and Arts, Dutton Park Queensland 4102, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2013 Jul 1;456-457:287-98. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.061. Epub 2013 Apr 23.
Water reuse through greywater irrigation has been adopted worldwide and has been proposed as a potential sustainable solution to increased water demands. Despite widespread adoption, there is limited domestic knowledge of greywater reuse. There is no pressure to produce low-level phosphorus products and current guidelines and legislation, such as those in Australia, may be inadequate due to the lack of long-term data to provide a sound scientific basis. Research has clearly identified phosphorus as a potential environmental risk to waterways from many forms of irrigation. To assess the sustainability of greywater irrigation, this study compared four residential lots that had been irrigated with greywater for four years and adjacent non-irrigated lots that acted as controls. Each lot was monitored for the volume of greywater applied and selected physic-chemical water quality parameters and soil chemistry profiles were analysed. The non-irrigated soil profiles showed low levels of phosphorus and were used as controls. The Mechlich3 Phosphorus ratio (M3PSR) and Phosphate Environmental Risk Index (PERI) were used to determine the environmental risk of phosphorus leaching from the irrigated soils. Soil phosphorus concentrations were compared to theoretical greywater irrigation loadings. The measured phosphorus soil concentrations and the estimated greywater loadings were of similar magnitude. Sustainable greywater reuse is possible; however incorrect use and/or lack of understanding of how household products affect greywater can result in phosphorus posing a significant risk to the environment.
通过灰水灌溉实现水的再利用已在全球范围内得到采用，并被提议作为应对日益增长的水需求的潜在可持续解决方案。尽管已经广泛采用，但国内对灰水再利用的了解有限。目前没有生产低磷产品的压力，而且由于缺乏长期数据来提供可靠的科学依据，澳大利亚等国家的现行指南和法规可能不够充分。研究清楚地表明，磷是来自多种灌溉形式的对水道的潜在环境风险。为了评估灰水灌溉的可持续性，本研究比较了四个已用灰水灌溉了四年的住宅用地和相邻的未灌溉用地作为对照。每个地块都监测了灰水的用量以及选择的理化水质参数和土壤化学剖面进行了分析。未灌溉土壤剖面显示出低水平的磷，可用作对照。采用 Mehlich3 磷比（M3PSR）和磷环境风险指数（PERI）来确定灌溉土壤中磷淋失的环境风险。将土壤磷浓度与理论灰水灌溉负荷进行了比较。测量的土壤磷浓度和估计的灰水负荷的大小相似。可持续的灰水再利用是可能的；然而，如果不正确使用和/或不了解家用产品如何影响灰水，则可能导致磷对环境构成重大风险。
