灰水灌溉作为浅层地下水和附近地表水有机微量污染物的来源。
Greywater irrigation as a source of organic micro-pollutants to shallow groundwater and nearby surface water.
机构信息
Water Quality and Investigations, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Science, Science Division, The State of Queensland, Department of Environment and Science, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia; School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Water Quality and Investigations, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Science, Science Division, The State of Queensland, Department of Environment and Science, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.
出版信息
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jun 15;669:570-578. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.073. Epub 2019 Mar 6.
Increased water demands due to population growth and increased urbanisation have driven adoption of various water reuse practices. The irrigation of greywater (water from all household uses, except toilets) has been proposed as one potential sustainable practice. Research has clearly identified environmental harm from the presence of micro-pollutants in soils, groundwater and surface water. Greywater contains a range of micro pollutants yet very little is known about their potential environmental fate when greywater is irrigated to soil. Therefore, this study assessed whether organic micro-pollutants in irrigated greywater were transferred to shallow groundwater and an adjacent surface waterway. A total of 22 organic micro-pollutants were detected in greywater. Six of these (acesulfame, caffeine, DEET, paracetamol, salicylic acid and triclosan) were selected as potential tracers of greywater contamination. Three of these chemicals (acesulfame, caffeine, DEET) were detected in the groundwater, while salicylic acid was also detected in adjacent surface water. Caffeine and DEET in surface water were directly attributable to greywater irrigation. Thus the practice of greywater irrigation can act as a source of organic micro-pollutants to shallow groundwater and nearby surface water. The full list of micro-pollutants that could be introduced via greywater and the risk they pose to aquatic ecosystems is not yet known.
由于人口增长和城市化的加剧，导致用水量增加，从而推动了各种水再利用实践的采用。灌溉灰水（除厕所外，所有家庭用水）已被提议作为一种潜在的可持续实践。研究清楚地表明，土壤、地下水和地表水存在微污染物会对环境造成危害。灰水中含有一系列的微污染物，但对于灰水灌溉到土壤中时这些污染物的潜在环境归宿，人们知之甚少。因此，本研究评估了灌溉灰水中的有机微污染物是否会转移到浅层地下水和附近的地表水。在灰水中共检测到 22 种有机微污染物。其中 6 种（乙酰磺胺酸钾、咖啡因、避蚊胺、对乙酰氨基酚、水杨酸和三氯生）被选为灰水污染的潜在示踪剂。这 3 种化学物质（乙酰磺胺酸钾、咖啡因、避蚊胺）在地下水中被检测到，而水杨酸也在附近的地表水中被检测到。地表水中的咖啡因和避蚊胺直接归因于灰水灌溉。因此，灰水灌溉的做法可以成为浅层地下水和附近地表水有机微污染物的来源。目前还不知道通过灰水引入的微污染物的完整清单及其对水生生态系统构成的风险。
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