Pötzsch B
Institut für Experimentelle Hämatologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn.
Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed. 2013 May;108(4):325-34; quiz 335-6. doi: 10.1007/s00063-013-0243-1.
Anticoagulant drugs belong to the group of antithrombotic agents and are successfully used in the prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. The use of anticoagulants in the prevention of deep venous thrombosis has significantly lowered the risk of venous thrombosis and fatal pulmonary embolisms even in high-risk situations such as orthopedic surgery. Anticoagulants play a central role in the treatment of acute venous thrombosis and in the prevention of recurrent events. Long-term anticoagulation therapy with orally active anticoagulants significantly reduces the risk of thromboembolic complications in patients showing cardiac arrhythmias. Whereas a few years ago heparins and vitamin K antagonists were the dominant anticoagulants, today a wide range of anticoagulants with improved pharmacological profiles are available. It remains an open question whether these new anticoagulants will improve the efficacy, safety, and acceptance of anticoagulant treatment approaches.
抗凝药物属于抗血栓形成剂类别，已成功用于血栓栓塞性疾病的预防和治疗。即使在诸如骨科手术等高风险情况下，使用抗凝剂预防深静脉血栓形成也显著降低了静脉血栓形成和致命性肺栓塞的风险。抗凝剂在急性静脉血栓形成的治疗以及预防复发事件中发挥着核心作用。使用口服活性抗凝剂进行长期抗凝治疗可显著降低出现心律失常的患者发生血栓栓塞并发症的风险。几年前，肝素和维生素K拮抗剂是主要的抗凝剂，而如今有一系列药理学特性得到改善的抗凝剂可供使用。这些新型抗凝剂是否会提高抗凝治疗方法的疗效、安全性和可接受性仍是一个悬而未决的问题。
