Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551-9900, USA.
Health Phys. 2013 Jun;104(6):544-56. doi: 10.1097/HP.0b013e31828cf5cd.
The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is the world's largest and most energetic laser system for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and experiments studying high energy density (HED) science. The NIF is a 192-beam, Nd-glass laser facility that is capable of producing 1.8 MJ, 500 TW of ultraviolet light, and over 50 times more energetic than other existing ICF facilities. The NIF construction began in 1997, and the facility, which was completed in 2009, is now fully operational. The facility is capable of firing up to 192 laser beams onto a target placed at the center of a 10-m-diameter spherical target chamber. Experiments involving the use of tritium have been underway for some time. These experiments present radiological issues: prompt neutron/gamma radiation, neutron activation, fission product generation, and decay radiation. This paper provides an introduction to the NIF facility and its operation, describes plans for the experimental program, and discusses radiological issues associated with the NIF's operations.
美国劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室的国家点火装置（NIF）是世界上最大、能量最高的惯性约束聚变（ICF）激光系统和高能量密度（HED）科学实验研究设施。NIF 是一个拥有 192 束 Nd 玻璃激光的设施，能够产生 1.8MJ、500TW 的紫外光，能量比其他现有的 ICF 设施高出 50 多倍。NIF 的建设始于 1997 年，该设施于 2009 年完工，现已全面投入运行。该设施能够将多达 192 束激光发射到放置在 10 米直径球形靶室中心的一个目标上。使用氚的实验已经进行了一段时间。这些实验带来了放射性问题：瞬时中子/伽马辐射、中子激活、裂变产物生成和衰变辐射。本文介绍了 NIF 设施及其运行情况，描述了实验计划，并讨论了与 NIF 运行相关的放射性问题。
