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将国家点火设施可分辨背景程序应用于劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室的加速器设施。

Application of the National Ignition Facility distinguishable-from-background program to accelerator facilities at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

机构信息

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551-9900, USA.

出版信息

Health Phys. 2013 Jun;104(6):633-40. doi: 10.1097/HP.0b013e31828d2f90.

Abstract

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory must control potentially activated materials and equipment in accordance with U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Order 458.1, Radiation Protection of the Public and the Environment, which requires DOE approval of the process used to release volumetrically contaminated personal property and establishes a dose constraint of 10 µSv y(-1) (1 mrem y(-1)) for clearance of such property. The National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory developed a technical basis document and protocol for determining the radiological status of property that is potentially activated from exposure to neutron radiation produced via fusion of tritium and deuterium. The technical basis included assessment of the neutron energy, the type of materials potentially exposed and the likely activation products, and the sensitivity of radiation detectors used to survey the property. This paper evaluates the National Ignition Facility technical basis document for applicability to the release of property from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's various accelerator facilities considering the different types of particles accelerated, radiations produced, and resultant activation products. Extensive process knowledge regarding the accelerators' operations, accompanied by years of routine surveys, provides an excellent characterization of these facilities. Activation studies conducted at the Stanford Linear Accelerator and the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization in Japan corroborate that the long-lived radionuclides produced at accelerator facilities are of the same variety produced at the National Ignition Facility. Consequently, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory concludes that the release protocol developed for the National Ignition Facility can be used appropriately at all its accelerator facilities.

摘要

劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室必须按照美国能源部(DOE)的指令 458.1 来控制潜在激活的材料和设备,该指令要求 DOE 批准用于释放体积污染个人财产的过程,并为该过程设定了剂量约束值为 10 µSv y(-1)(1 mrem y(-1)),以清除此类财产。劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室的国家点火设施制定了一份技术基础文件和协议,用于确定因暴露于氚和氘聚变产生的中子辐射而可能被激活的财产的放射性状况。技术基础包括评估中子能量、可能暴露的材料类型和可能的激活产物,以及用于调查财产的辐射探测器的灵敏度。本文评估了国家点火设施的技术基础文件,以确定其在考虑到不同类型的加速粒子、产生的辐射和产生的激活产物的情况下,适用于从劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室的各种加速器设施中释放财产。关于加速器操作的广泛过程知识,以及多年的常规调查,为这些设施提供了极好的特征描述。在斯坦福线性加速器和日本高能加速器研究组织进行的激活研究证实,在加速器设施中产生的长寿命放射性核素与在国家点火设施中产生的放射性核素相同。因此,劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室得出结论,为国家点火设施开发的释放协议可以在其所有加速器设施中适当地使用。

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