Ng K P, Ngeow Y F, K Rozainah, M Rosmawati
University of Malaya, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Med J Malaysia. 2013 Apr;68(2):144-7.
A nationwide HBV vaccination for neonates in the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) was implemented in Malaysia in 1989. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc among the new student intakes in the Faculties of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Malaya from 2005 to 2011.
All new students enrolled for undergraduate and postgraduate courses were screened for HBV infection. Serum samples collected were tested for the presence of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc with the use of fully automated analysers. Statistical analyses were done using Open Epi version 2.3.1
The overall HBsAg prevalence among the 2923 new intakes was 0.62%. The HBsAg prevalence rate was 1.08% (15/1390) for those born before 1989 and only 0.20% (3/1533) among those born in or after 1989. By year of testing, HBsAg prevalence declined steadily from 1.27% (5/394) in 2005 to 1.20% (5/418) in 2006, 0.95% (4/421) in 2007, 0.49% (2/410) in 2008, 0.49% (2/407) in 2009 and finally 0% in both 2010 (0/445) and 2011 (0/428). Although 66.14% of those vaccinated during infancy had no demonstrable immunity at the time of screening, only 6 (0.39%) students were found to have anti-HBc, including the 3 who were HBsAg positive.
These findings suggested effective prevention of HBV transmission with the universal and voluntary vaccination programs in Malaysia.
1989年马来西亚在扩大免疫规划（EPI）中实施了全国范围内的新生儿乙肝疫苗接种。本研究的目的是调查2005年至2011年马来亚大学医学和牙科学院新生中乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）、乙肝表面抗体（抗-HBs）和乙肝核心抗体（抗-HBc）的流行情况。
对所有注册本科和研究生课程的新生进行乙肝病毒感染筛查。使用全自动分析仪检测采集的血清样本中HBsAg、抗-HBs和抗-HBc的存在情况。使用Open Epi 2.3.1版进行统计分析。
2923名新生中HBsAg总体流行率为0.62%。1989年以前出生的人群中HBsAg流行率为1.08%（15/1390），而1989年及以后出生的人群中仅为0.20%（3/1533）。按检测年份来看，HBsAg流行率从2005年的1.27%（5/394）稳步下降至2006年的1.20%（5/418）、2007年的0.95%（4/421）、2008年的0.49%（2/410）、2009年的0.49%（2/407），最终在2010年（0/445）和2011年（0/428）均为0%。尽管66.14%在婴儿期接种过疫苗的人在筛查时没有可检测到的免疫力，但仅发现6名（0.39%）学生有抗-HBc，其中包括3名HBsAg阳性的学生。
这些发现表明马来西亚的普遍和自愿疫苗接种计划有效地预防了乙肝病毒传播。
