Hjarnoe Lulu, Leppin Anja
Centre of Maritime Health and Society, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Vej 9, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
Unit for Health Promotion Research, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Vej 9, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark.
Health Promot Int. 2014 Dec;29(4):720-9. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dat024. Epub 2013 Apr 28.
Sedentary working conditions, smoking, unhealthy eating habits and lack of exercise are some of the lifestyle risk factors that form a potentially growing problem for seafarers within certain parts of the maritime sector creating a heightened risk for chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Health promotion initiatives to combat this negative development requires as a first step identifying the magnitude of the different risk factors. A survey was conducted in 2007-08 with two Danish shipping companies on seafarers' health, wellbeing, diet, smoking and physical activity. In addition, a health profile was offered to the respondents, consisting of physiological measurements, such as fitness rating, body mass index (BMI), cholesterol measurement and blood pressure. The response rate in the questionnaire study was 57% (n = 360) of which 76% (n = 272) of the respondents received a health profile. Results (males) showed 44% daily smokers compared with 32% in the general Danish adult male population. Twenty-five percent of the seafarers were obese with a BMI > 30 compared with 12% of the Danish adult male population. Fifty-one percent of the respondents were defined as having metabolic syndrome, compared with 20% of the Danish adult male population. Seafaring is a risky occupation when looking at the seafarers' health and wellbeing. The results of this survey confirm the need for health promotion interventions such as smoking cessation courses, healthy cooking courses and physical exercise programs, etc. that can enable healthier lifestyle. The challenge will be to take into account the special seafaring conditions when implementing the interventions.
久坐的工作环境、吸烟、不健康的饮食习惯以及缺乏锻炼，是一些生活方式风险因素，在海事部门的某些领域，这些因素给海员构成了一个潜在的、不断加剧的问题，增加了患糖尿病和心血管疾病等慢性病的风险。应对这一负面发展趋势的健康促进举措，首先需要确定不同风险因素的严重程度。2007年至2008年期间，对两家丹麦航运公司的海员进行了一项关于其健康、福祉、饮食、吸烟和身体活动的调查。此外，还为受访者提供了一份健康状况报告，包括体能评级、体重指数（BMI）、胆固醇测量和血压等生理指标。问卷调查的回复率为57%（n = 360），其中76%（n = 272）的受访者收到了健康状况报告。结果（男性）显示，44%的海员每天吸烟，而丹麦成年男性总体中这一比例为32%。25%的海员肥胖，BMI > 30，而丹麦成年男性人口中这一比例为12%。51%的受访者被定义为患有代谢综合征，而丹麦成年男性人口中这一比例为20%。从海员的健康和福祉来看，航海是一项高风险职业。这项调查结果证实了开展戒烟课程、健康烹饪课程和体育锻炼项目等健康促进干预措施的必要性，这些措施能够促成更健康的生活方式。挑战在于实施这些干预措施时要考虑到航海的特殊条件。
