Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences,02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Nutrients. 2019 Mar 21;11(3):679. doi: 10.3390/nu11030679.
The main aim of this study was to identify the food sources of energy and 28 nutrients from cereals and cereal products in the average Polish diet based on data from a nationally representative sample of the Polish population attending in 2016 Household Budget Survey (i.e., 36,886 households). The contribution of energy and nutrients from cereals and cereal products were compared with reference values. The detailded analysis included five main groups and nine sub-groups of cereal food category. Our findings indicated that cereals and cereal products contributed 30.4% of total dietary energy supply, providing a significant percentage of six nutrients to the average Polish diet (i.e., 64.1% of manganese, 51% of carbohydrates, 48.5% of dietary fibre, 34.1% of iron, 33.6% of folate, and 31.3% of copper). Supply at the level of 20⁻30% was observed for protein, thiamin, phosphorus and zinc, and at 10⁻20% for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), sodium, potassium, calcium, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin B6. For other nutrients i.e., total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), cholesterol, iodine, vitamins: A, D, B12, and C, the share of cereals and cereal products contribution was below 10%. Cereals and cereal products were the major food category in meeting the reference values for the Polish population in case of manganese, carbohydrates (approximately100%), and sodium (50%). The reference values was reached at the level of 30⁻40% for dietary fibre, protein, iron, copper, zinc, phosphorus and thiamin, and 20⁻30% for energy, magnesium, folate, niacin, riboflavin, vitamins B6 and E. For such nutrients as total fat, SFA, and potassium, the fulfillment of the reference values amounted to 10⁻20%. Our results document the importance of cereals and cereal products in the Polish diet, which should be emphasized from a nutritional and health point of view.
本研究的主要目的是根据 2016 年波兰人口家庭预算调查（即 36886 户家庭）的数据，确定普通波兰饮食中来自谷物和谷物产品的能量和 28 种营养素的食物来源。将谷物和谷物产品提供的能量和营养素与参考值进行了比较。详细分析包括谷物食品类的五个主要组和九个亚组。我们的研究结果表明，谷物和谷物产品提供了总膳食能量供应的 30.4%，为普通波兰饮食提供了六种重要营养素（即锰的 64.1%、碳水化合物的 51%、膳食纤维的 48.5%、铁的 34.1%、叶酸的 33.6%和铜的 31.3%）。研究还发现，蛋白质、硫胺素、磷和锌的供应量为 20-30%，多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、钠、钾、钙、核黄素、烟酸和维生素 B6 的供应量为 10-20%，而其他营养素（即总脂肪、饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）、胆固醇、碘、维生素：A、D、B12 和 C）的谷物和谷物产品的供应量低于 10%。对于波兰人口而言，谷物和谷物产品是满足锰、碳水化合物（约 100%）和钠（50%）等营养素参考值的主要食物类别。膳食纤维、蛋白质、铁、铜、锌、磷和硫胺素的参考值达到 30-40%，能量、镁、叶酸、烟酸、核黄素、维生素 B6 和 E 的参考值达到 20-30%。对于总脂肪、SFA 和钾等营养素，参考值达到 10-20%。我们的研究结果记录了谷物和谷物产品在波兰饮食中的重要性，从营养和健康的角度来看，这一点值得强调。
