Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
Primary Care Department, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
Nutrients. 2020 Sep 29;12(10):2986. doi: 10.3390/nu12102986.
The diet of Poles became similar to the western style of nutrition. It is rich in saturated fats, it contains significant quantities of salt, and has very low fruit and vegetable content. On the other hand, introducing an incorrectly planned diet that eliminates animal products may be associated with the risk of deficiencies of certain vitamins and minerals. Taking into account the regular diet of Poles, a properly balanced vegetarian menu may be a better and safer choice for the proper functioning of the organism.
The analysis of the content of individual types of vegetarian diets and a comparison with the menus of the regular diet of the Polish population.
70 menus were subjected to a quantitative analysis, 10 menus for each 7 type of diet eliminating products of animal origin and regular diets without elimination. The caloricity of the designed diets was ±2000 kcal. The quantitative evaluation of the menus was performed using the Dieta 6d dietary program. Statistical significance was established at ≤ 0.05.
It was observed that the regular diet of Poles (RD) featured the highest content of total fats, as well as saturated acids and cholesterol. The VEGAN diet was characterized by the lowest total protein content and the lack of wholesome protein and cholesterol. RD was characterized by the lowest average content of dietary fiber. The highest content of saccharose was observed in RD. Sodium content in RD significantly exceeded the recommended daily norm. RD featured insufficient content of the following minerals and vitamins: potassium, calcium, magnesium, iodine, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, folates, and Vitamin D. The norm for calcium has not been fulfilled also in milk-free and vegan diets. All of the analyzed diets lacked proper amounts of iodine and Vitamin D. The highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was observed in the VEGAN diet. The periodic elimination of meat and fatty dairy products should be included in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome, hypertensions, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.
The regular diet of Poles turned out to be more dangerous for health in terms of deficiencies than properly balanced diets eliminating products of animal origin.
波兰人的饮食结构变得与西方的营养方式相似，富含饱和脂肪，盐摄入量高，水果和蔬菜含量低。另一方面，引入计划不当的饮食，完全排除动物产品，可能会导致某些维生素和矿物质缺乏的风险。考虑到波兰人的日常饮食，均衡的素食菜单可能是维持机体正常运作的更好、更安全的选择。
分析各种类型的素食菜单的内容，并与波兰人口的常规饮食菜单进行比较。
对 70 种菜单进行了定量分析，每种类型的饮食各 10 种，这些饮食均排除了动物产品，而常规饮食则没有这种排除。设计的饮食热量在±2000 千卡左右。使用 Dieta 6d 饮食程序对设计的饮食进行了定量评估。统计显著性设定为≤0.05。
观察到波兰人的常规饮食（RD）总脂肪、饱和酸和胆固醇含量最高。纯素饮食（VEGAN）的总蛋白质含量最低，缺乏完整蛋白质和胆固醇。RD 的膳食纤维平均含量最低。RD 中蔗糖含量最高。RD 中的钠含量明显超过推荐的每日摄入量。RD 中以下矿物质和维生素的含量不足：钾、钙、镁、碘、维生素 E、维生素 C、叶酸和维生素 D。无奶和纯素饮食也没有满足钙的标准。所有分析的饮食都缺乏足够的碘和维生素 D。VEGAN 饮食中多不饱和脂肪酸含量最高。定期排除肉类和高脂肪乳制品应纳入代谢综合征、高血压、高血脂、肥胖和 2 型糖尿病的治疗中。
与平衡饮食相比，波兰人的常规饮食更容易导致营养缺乏相关的健康风险。
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