National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029, Strandgaten 229, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
Br J Nutr. 2013 Dec 14;110(11):1958-67. doi: 10.1017/S0007114513001347. Epub 2013 Apr 30.
Replacing dietary fishmeal (FM) and fish oil (FO) with plant ingredients in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) diets decreases dietary cholesterol and introduces phytosterols. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of dietary sterol composition on cholesterol metabolism in Atlantic salmon. For this purpose, two dietary trials were performed, in which Atlantic salmon were fed either 100 % FM and FO (FM-FO) diet or one of the three diets with either high (80 %) or medium (40 %) plant protein (PP) and a high (70 %) or medium (35 %) vegetable oil (VO) blend (trial 1); or 70 % PP with either 100 % FO or 80 % of the FO replaced with olive, rapeseed or soyabean oil (trial 2). Replacing ≥ 70 % of FM with PP and ≥ 70 % of FO with either a VO blend or rapeseed oil increased plasma and liver TAG concentrations. These diets contained high levels of phytosterols and low levels of cholesterol. Fish fed low-cholesterol diets, but with less phytosterols, exhibited an increased expression of genes encoding proteins involved in cholesterol uptake and synthesis. The expression of these genes was, however, partially inhibited in rapeseed oil-fed fish possibly due to the high dietary and tissue phytosterol:cholesterol ratio. Atlantic salmon tissue and plasma cholesterol concentrations were maintained stable independent of the dietary sterol content.
用植物成分替代大西洋鲑（Salmo salar L.）饲料中的鱼粉（FM）和鱼油（FO），可降低饲料中的胆固醇并引入植物固醇。本研究旨在评估饲料固醇组成对大西洋鲑胆固醇代谢的影响。为此，进行了两项饮食试验，其中大西洋鲑分别饲喂 100%FM 和 FO（FM-FO）饲料或三种饲料中的一种，这些饲料的植物蛋白（PP）含量分别为高（80%）或中（40%），植物油（VO）含量分别为高（70%）或中（35%）（试验 1）；或 70%PP，并用 100%FO 或 80%FO 分别用橄榄油、菜籽油或大豆油替代（试验 2）。用 PP 替代≥70%的 FM，用 VO 混合物或菜籽油替代≥70%的 FO，会增加血浆和肝脏 TAG 浓度。这些饲料含有高水平的植物固醇和低水平的胆固醇。饲喂低胆固醇但植物固醇含量较低的饲料的鱼类，其参与胆固醇摄取和合成的蛋白编码基因表达增加。然而，菜籽油喂养的鱼类中这些基因的表达部分受到抑制，可能是由于饮食和组织中植物固醇与胆固醇的比例较高。大西洋鲑的组织和血浆胆固醇浓度保持稳定，与饮食中的固醇含量无关。
