Section of Clinical Oral Physiology, Department of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
Neuroscience. 2013 Aug 29;246:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.04.040. Epub 2013 Apr 28.
The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different training types and secondary to test gender differences on the training-related cortical plasticity induced by three different tongue-training paradigms: (1) therapeutic tongue exercises (TTE), (2) playing computer games with the tongue using the Tongue Drive System (TDS) and (3) tongue-protrusion task (TPT). Forty-eight participants were randomized into three groups with 1h of TTE, TDS, or TPT. Stimulus-response curves of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and motor cortex mapping for tongue muscles and first dorsal interosseous (FDI) (control) were established using transcranial magnetic stimulation at three time-points: (1) before tongue-training, (2) immediately after training, (3) 1h after training. Subject-based reports of motivation, fun, pain and fatigue were evaluated on 0-10 numerical rating scales after training. The resting motor thresholds of tongue MEPs were lowered by training with TDS and TPT (P<0.011) but not by TTE (P=0.167). Tongue MEP amplitudes increased after training with TDS and TPT (P<0.030) but not with TTE (P=0.302). Men had higher MEPs than women in the TDS group (P<0.045) at all time-points. No significant effect of tongue-training on FDI MEPs was observed (P>0.335). The tongue cortical motor map areas were not significantly increased by training (P>0.142). Training with TDS was most motivating and fun (P<0.001) and TTE was rated the most painful (P<0.001). Fatigue level was not different between groups (P>0.071). These findings suggest a differential effect of tongue-training paradigms on training-induced cortical plasticity and subject-based scores of fun, motivation and pain in healthy participants.
本研究的主要目的是探讨不同训练类型的效果，其次是测试性别差异对三种不同舌训练范式诱导的训练相关皮质可塑性的影响：（1）治疗性舌练习（TTE），（2）使用 Tongue Drive System（TDS）玩舌电脑游戏，以及（3）舌突出任务（TPT）。48 名参与者随机分为三组，分别接受 1 小时的 TTE、TDS 或 TPT。使用经颅磁刺激在三个时间点建立运动诱发电位（MEPs）和运动皮层映射，用于舌肌和第一背侧骨间肌（FDI）（对照）：（1）在舌训练之前，（2）在训练后立即，（3）在训练后 1 小时。在训练后，使用 0-10 数字评分量表评估基于受试者的动机、乐趣、疼痛和疲劳报告。TDS 和 TPT 训练降低了舌 MEP 的静息运动阈值（P<0.011），但 TTE 没有（P=0.167）。TDS 和 TPT 训练后舌 MEP 幅度增加（P<0.030），但 TTE 没有（P=0.302）。在 TDS 组中，男性的 MEP 高于女性（P<0.045）在所有时间点。未观察到舌训练对 FDI MEP 的显著影响（P>0.335）。训练后，舌皮质运动图区域未显著增加（P>0.142）。TDS 训练最具激励性和趣味性（P<0.001），TTE 被评为最痛苦（P<0.001）。组间疲劳水平无差异（P>0.071）。这些发现表明，在健康参与者中，不同的舌训练范式对训练诱导的皮质可塑性以及基于受试者的乐趣、动机和疼痛评分具有不同的影响。
