Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
J Oral Rehabil. 2021 Nov;48(11):1283-1294. doi: 10.1111/joor.13250. Epub 2021 Sep 12.
The individual inclination to lead an autonomous life until death is associated with requirements that may be of physiological, psychosocial and environmental nature. We aim to describe a conceptual oro-facial health model with an emphasis on oro-facial function, taking the domains of quality of life and patient-centred values into account. In the context of oro-facial function, the requirements of life are met when the oro-facial system is in a fit state. 'Fitness of the oro-facial system, that is oro-facial health, is a state that is characterised by an absence of, or positive coping with physical disease, mental disease, pain and negative environmental and social factors. It will allow natural oro-facial functions such as sensing, tasting, touching, biting, chewing, swallowing, speaking, yawning, kissing and facial expression'. In the presented conceptual model of oro-facial health, it is postulated that each individual has present and future potentials related to biological prerequisites and resources that are developed by an individual through the course of life. These potentials form the oro-facial functional capacity. When the individual potentials together do not meet the requirements of life anymore, dysfunction and disease result. The oro-facial system is subject to physiological ageing processes, which will inevitably lead to a decrease in the oro-facial functional capacity. Furthermore, comorbid medical conditions might hamper oro-facial function and, alongside with the ageing process, may lead to a state of oral hypofunction. Currently, there is a lack of widespread, validated, easy-to-use instruments that help to distinguish between states of oro-facial fitness as opposed to oral hypofunction. Clearly, research is needed to establish adequate, validated instruments alongside with functional rehabilitation procedures.
个体倾向于自主生活直至死亡，这与可能涉及生理、心理社会和环境性质的要求有关。我们旨在描述一个概念性的口腔健康模型，重点关注口腔功能，并考虑到生活质量和以患者为中心的价值观领域。在口腔功能方面，当口腔系统处于健康状态时，就可以满足生活的要求。“口腔系统的健康，即口腔健康，是一种没有身体疾病、精神疾病、疼痛以及负面环境和社会因素，或者积极应对这些因素的状态。它将允许自然的口腔功能，如感知、品尝、触摸、咬、咀嚼、吞咽、说话、打哈欠、亲吻和面部表情”。在所提出的口腔健康概念模型中，假设每个人都有与生物先决条件和资源相关的当前和未来潜力，这些潜力是个人通过一生发展而来的。这些潜力构成了口腔功能能力。当个体潜力不再满足生活要求时，就会出现功能障碍和疾病。口腔系统会受到生理老化过程的影响，这将不可避免地导致口腔功能能力下降。此外，合并的医疗状况可能会妨碍口腔功能，并且与衰老过程一起，可能导致口腔功能减退状态。目前，缺乏广泛、经过验证、易于使用的工具来区分口腔健康状态和口腔功能减退状态。显然，需要进行研究以建立适当的、经过验证的工具以及功能康复程序。
