Pathogenesis and management of inherited thrombocytopenias: rationale for the use of thrombopoietin-receptor agonists.

Knowledge in the field of inherited thrombocytopenias (ITs) has considerably improved over the recent years. In the last 5 years, nine new genes whose mutations are responsible for thrombocytopenia have been identified, and this also led to the recognition of several novel nosographic entities, such as thrombocytopenias deriving from mutations in CYCS, TUBB1, FLNA, ITGA2B/ITGB3, ANKRD26 and ACTN1. The identification of novel molecular alterations causing thrombocytopenia together with improvement of methodologies to study megakaryopoiesis led to considerable advances in understanding pathophysiology of ITs, thus providing the background for proposing new treatments. Thrombopoietin-receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) represent an appealing therapeutic hypothesis for ITs and have been tested in a limited number of patients. In this review, we provide an updated description of pathogenetic mechanisms of thrombocytopenia in the different forms of ITs and recapitulate the current management of these disorders. Moreover, we report the available clinical and preclinical data about the role of TPO-RAs in ITs and discuss the rationale for the use of these molecules in view of pathogenesis of the different forms of thrombocytopenia of genetic origin.