Seth Pradeep
Seth Research Foundation, H 8/3 First Floor, DLF Phase-I, Gurgaon, Haryana 122002 India.
Indian J Virol. 2010 Jun;21(1):3-7. doi: 10.1007/s13337-010-0001-4. Epub 2010 Sep 22.
Nearly 25 years after the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) effective control of the AIDS pandemic remains elusive. At the root of this challenge is the evolution of this virus to elude immune control. Error-prone nature of replication and retro-transcription is the hallmark of this virus. This fidelity of replication in HIV-1 is due to the absence of proof-reading/repair and post-replicative error correction mechanisms that normally operate during replication of DNA viruses. Advances in sequencing technology and expanded disease surveillance have allowed researchers to characterize the variation in HIV-1 around the world and within individual patient overtime. Although HIV-1 has been classified into distinct subtypes, the classification does not reflect dynamic genetic evolution of HIV-1 through which new strains are constantly emerging. The resultant viral diversity has implications for differential rates of disease progression in different geographical areas, differential responses to antiretroviral therapy (including the development of resistance), and vaccine development. In this review evolution of HIV-1 in India is discussed.
在发现人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）近25年后，有效控制艾滋病大流行仍然难以实现。这一挑战的根源在于该病毒不断进化以逃避免疫控制。复制和逆转录过程中容易出错的特性是这种病毒的标志。HIV-1复制的这种不精确性是由于缺乏通常在DNA病毒复制过程中起作用的校对/修复和复制后错误校正机制。测序技术的进步和扩大的疾病监测使研究人员能够描绘出全球范围内以及个体患者随时间推移HIV-1的变异情况。尽管HIV-1已被分为不同的亚型，但这种分类并未反映出HIV-1不断产生新毒株的动态基因进化。由此产生的病毒多样性对不同地理区域疾病进展的不同速率、对抗逆转录病毒疗法的不同反应（包括耐药性的产生）以及疫苗开发都有影响。在这篇综述中，将讨论印度HIV-1的进化情况。
