Enquist M, Forkman B, Ljungberg T
Department of Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
J Neural Transm Gen Sect. 1990;81(2):147-52. doi: 10.1007/BF01245834.
Studies of the behavioural effects of benzodiazepines have focused in particular on situations with negative secondary stimuli, i.e., stimuli signalling negative primary events such as punishment or non-reward. The general result is that benzodiazepines attenuate behavioural reactions to this type of stimuli. The aim of the present study was to investigate if there are any differences between positive and negative secondary stimuli in this respect. Rats were treated with diazepam in a modified Skinner box with two levers. One of the levers always gave a small reward. A lamp being ON or OFF was used as a secondary stimulus indicating if the other lever would give a large or no reward. Pretreatment with diazepam (1.0 mg/kg) did not act differently on the response to the positive or negative secondary stimulus. The main effect was a general attenuation of optimal responding with a concomitant decrease in water intake. An alternative hypothesis stating that benzodiazepines alter the reactivity to secondary stimuli more in general is supported.
对苯二氮䓬类药物行为效应的研究尤其集中在具有负面次级刺激的情境中，即那些预示着诸如惩罚或无奖励等负面主要事件的刺激。总体结果是，苯二氮䓬类药物会减弱对这类刺激的行为反应。本研究的目的是调查在这方面正性和负性次级刺激之间是否存在差异。在一个带有两个杠杆的改良斯金纳箱中，给大鼠注射地西泮。其中一个杠杆总是给予少量奖励。灯亮或灯灭用作次级刺激，表明另一个杠杆是否会给予大量奖励或无奖励。地西泮（1.0毫克/千克）预处理对正性或负性次级刺激的反应没有不同作用。主要效应是最佳反应普遍减弱，同时饮水量减少。另一种假设认为苯二氮䓬类药物通常会更普遍地改变对次级刺激的反应性，这一假设得到了支持。
