Bloomfield F H, Spiroski Ana-Mishel, Harding J E
Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2013 Jun;18(3):118-123. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2013.03.003. Epub 2013 Apr 30.
Optimal fetal growth is important for a healthy pregnancy outcome and also for lifelong health. Fetal growth is largely regulated by fetal nutrition, and mediated via the maternal and fetal glucose/insulin/insulin-like growth factor axes. Fetal nutrition may reflect maternal nutrition, but abnormalities of placental function can also affect fetal growth, as the placenta plays a key intermediary role in nutritional signalling between mother and fetus. Fetal nutrition also impacts on the development of key fetal endocrine systems such as the glucose-insulin and insulin-like growth factor axes. This is likely to contribute to the link between both fetal growth restriction and fetal overgrowth, and increased risks of obesity and impaired glucose tolerance in later life. This review focuses on the associations between maternal and fetal nutrition, fetal growth and later disease risk, with particular emphasis on the role of insulin-like growth factors and the importance of the periconceptional period.
最佳胎儿生长对健康的妊娠结局以及终身健康都很重要。胎儿生长在很大程度上受胎儿营养调节，并通过母体和胎儿的葡萄糖/胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子轴介导。胎儿营养可能反映母体营养，但胎盘功能异常也会影响胎儿生长，因为胎盘在母体与胎儿之间的营养信号传递中起关键中介作用。胎儿营养还会影响关键胎儿内分泌系统的发育，如葡萄糖-胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子轴。这可能有助于解释胎儿生长受限和胎儿过度生长与日后肥胖风险增加及糖耐量受损之间的联系。本综述重点关注母体和胎儿营养、胎儿生长与日后疾病风险之间的关联，特别强调胰岛素样生长因子的作用以及围孕期的重要性。
