Gluckman Peter D, Pinal Catherine S
The Liggins Institute, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Endocrine. 2002 Oct;19(1):81-9. doi: 10.1385/ENDO:19:1:81.
Inadequate growth in utero is associated not only with adverse fetal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes, but also with an altered propensity for disease later in life. Conversely, fetal overgrowth is also associated with increased medical risks for both mother and fetus. The interaction between the fetal genome and the intrauterine environment determines in great part how fetal growth will progress. The placental, maternal, and fetal somatotrophic axes (growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1) play key roles in modulating this interaction. Experimental undernutrition in animal models has numerous effects over these axes and provides insight into understanding fetal growth and its abnormalities. This review addresses the contributions made by the placental, maternal, and fetal somatotrophic axes to the regulation of fetal growth.
子宫内生长不足不仅与不良的胎儿、围产期和新生儿结局相关，还与日后患疾病的倾向改变有关。相反，胎儿过度生长也与母亲和胎儿的医疗风险增加有关。胎儿基因组与子宫内环境之间的相互作用在很大程度上决定了胎儿生长的进程。胎盘、母体和胎儿的生长激素轴（生长激素/胰岛素样生长因子-1）在调节这种相互作用中起关键作用。动物模型中的实验性营养不足对这些轴有许多影响，并为理解胎儿生长及其异常情况提供了见解。本综述阐述了胎盘、母体和胎儿生长激素轴对胎儿生长调节的作用。
