Simões-Wüst Ana Paula, Kummeling Ischa, Mommers Monique, Huber Machteld A S, Rist Lukas, van de Vijver Lucy P L, Dagnelie Pieter C, Thijs Carel
1 Research Department, Paracelsus-Hospital Richterswil, Richterswil, Switzerland.
Eur J Public Health. 2014 Apr;24(2):321-7. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckt045. Epub 2013 May 2.
Alternative lifestyles are often associated with distinct practices with respect to nutrition, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use and usage of complementary medicine. Evidence concerning effects of these lifestyle-related practices on health status is still fragmentary.
To describe maternal health characteristics related to alternative lifestyles, with emphasis on body-weight status, during pregnancy and maternity periods.
We compared self-reported health-related features of mothers with alternative lifestyles and conventional lifestyles during pregnancy and maternity period in the KOALA Birth Cohort Study. This cohort comprises two recruitment groups of mother-infant pairs, one with a conventional (no selection based on lifestyle, n = 2333), the other with an alternative lifestyle (selected via organic food shops, anthroposophic clinicians and midwives, anthroposophic under-five clinics, Rudolf Steiner schools and relevant magazines, n = 485). Mothers in the alternative group more frequently chose organic foods, adhered to specific living rules, practised vegetarianism and identified themselves with anthroposophy.
Mothers in the alternative group showed lower BMI and lower prevalence of overweight and obesity than the conventional group, before pregnancy as well as 4-5 years after delivery. This difference was partly retained after adjusting for potential confounders. Furthermore, women in the alternative group had a lower prevalence of pregnancy-related hypertension, more often started breastfeeding and gave exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding for a longer period. Finally, they smoked less often, but more often drunk alcohol during pregnancy.
The results suggest that an alternative lifestyle is associated with favourable body weight and with several differences in other health features.
另类生活方式通常与在营养、体育活动、吸烟、饮酒及使用补充替代医学方面的独特行为相关。关于这些与生活方式相关的行为对健康状况影响的证据仍然支离破碎。
描述与另类生活方式相关的孕产妇健康特征，重点关注孕期和产褥期的体重状况。
在考拉出生队列研究中，我们比较了孕期和产褥期具有另类生活方式和传统生活方式的母亲自我报告的与健康相关的特征。该队列包括两组母婴对招募群体，一组具有传统生活方式（不基于生活方式进行选择，n = 2333），另一组具有另类生活方式（通过有机食品店、人智学临床医生和助产士、人智学五岁以下儿童诊所、鲁道夫·斯坦纳学校及相关杂志招募，n = 485）。另类组的母亲更频繁地选择有机食品，遵守特定生活规则，实行素食主义，并认同人智学。
另类组的母亲在孕前以及分娩后4至5年，其体重指数（BMI）较低，超重和肥胖的患病率也低于传统组。在对潜在混杂因素进行调整后，这种差异部分仍然存在。此外，另类组的女性妊娠相关高血压患病率较低，更常开始母乳喂养，并且纯母乳喂养和延长母乳喂养的时间更长。最后，她们吸烟较少，但孕期饮酒更频繁。
结果表明，另类生活方式与有利的体重以及其他一些健康特征方面的差异有关。
