School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2013 Jul;93:45-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.03.031. Epub 2013 May 2.
Concentrations of the heavy metals copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) were determined in the liver, gills and muscles of tilapia fish from the Langat River and Engineering Lake, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. There were differences in the concentrations of the studied heavy metals between different organs and between sites. In the liver samples, Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb>Cd, and in the gills and muscle, Zn>Ni>Cu>Pb>Cd. Levels of Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb in the liver samples from Engineering Lake were higher than in those from the Langat River, whereas the Ni levels in the liver samples from the Langat River were greater than in those from Engineering Lake. Cd levels in the fish muscle from Engineering Lake were lower than in that from the Langat River. Meanwhile, the Cd, Zn and Pb levels in the fish muscle from the Langat River were lower than in that from Engineering Lake, and the Ni levels were almost the same in the fish muscle samples from the two sites. The health risks associated with Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb and Ni were assessed based on the target hazard quotients. In the Langat River, the risk from Cu is minimal compared to the other studied elements, and the concentrations of Pb and Ni were determined to pose the greatest risk. The maximum allowable fish consumption rates (kg/d) based on Cu in Engineering Lake and the Langat River were 2.27 and 1.51 in December and 2.53 and 1.75 in February, respectively. The Cu concentrations resulted in the highest maximum allowable fish consumption rates compared with the other studied heavy metals, whereas those based on Pb were the lowest. A health risk analysis of the heavy metals measured in the fish muscle samples indicated that the fish can be classified at one of the safest levels for the general population and that there are no possible risks pertaining to tilapia fish consumption.
在马来西亚雪兰莪州万津的蓝姜河和工程湖，对罗非鱼的肝脏、鳃和肌肉中的重金属铜 (Cu)、镉 (Cd)、锌 (Zn)、铅 (Pb) 和镍 (Ni) 浓度进行了测定。不同器官和不同地点的研究重金属浓度存在差异。在肝脏样本中，Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb>Cd，在鳃和肌肉中，Zn>Ni>Cu>Pb>Cd。工程湖鱼肝样中的 Cu、Cd、Zn 和 Pb 水平高于蓝姜河，而蓝姜河鱼肝样中的 Ni 水平则高于工程湖。工程湖鱼肝样中的 Cd 水平低于蓝姜河。同时，蓝姜河鱼肌肉中的 Cd、Zn 和 Pb 水平低于工程湖，而 Ni 水平则在两个地点的鱼肌肉样本中几乎相同。基于目标危害系数评估了与 Cu、Cd、Zn、Pb 和 Ni 相关的健康风险。在蓝姜河，与其他研究元素相比，Cu 的风险最小，而 Pb 和 Ni 的浓度被确定为最大风险。根据工程湖和蓝姜河的 Cu 含量，允许的最大鱼类食用率（kg/d）分别为 12 月的 2.27 和 1.51，2 月的 2.53 和 1.75。与其他研究的重金属相比，Cu 浓度导致最高的最大允许鱼类食用率，而基于 Pb 的则最低。对鱼肌肉样本中测量的重金属进行的健康风险分析表明，这些鱼可以被归类为一般人群中最安全的水平之一，食用罗非鱼没有任何潜在风险。
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